The purpose of the current study was to determine the variability of 1000-grain weight of mutant samples of the fifth (M₅), sixth (M₆) and seventh (M₇) generations of spring common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in correlation with other traits in the Northern Trans-Urals. During three growing seasons (2021–2023), 29 mutant samples of the fifth (M₅), sixth (M₆), and seventh (M₇) generations were tested in field trials. Mutations were induced using the chemical mutagen phosphemid after treating seeds of the varieties ‘Scant 3’ (Russia), ‘Cara’ (Mexico), and the hybrid F₄ (‘Cara’ x ‘Scant 3’). There have been established significant differences in 1000-grain weight and grain productivity among mutants that exceeded the original forms. High indicators of the trait ‘1000-grain weight’ were found in promising mutants compared to zoned (control, standard) varieties (‘Tyumenskaya 25’, ‘Tyumen- skaya 29’, ‘Novosibirskaya 31’). There has been identified a reliable (p < 0.05) positive correlation between 1000-grain weight and productivity (r = 0.680–0.760), grain weight per ear (r = 0.691–0.703), plant height (r = 0.478–0.586), width (r = 0.370–0.371) and area (r = 0.391) of a flag leaf, number of plants (r = 0.342) and productive shoots (r = 0.336) per 1 m², and a negative correlation with length of ears (r = -0.493) and number of grains per ear (r = -0.387). The study results of variability and correlation between traits has shown that the trait ‘1000-grain weight’ can be used as a parameter for selecting valuable genotypes. The mutants with the best grain size and productivity, with good indices protein and hardiness represent a genetic resource for spring common wheat breeding programs in certain agroecological conditions.

Lentil is a valuable legume, widely spread throughout the world. In the Republic of Bashkortostan, agricultural producers do not have much interest in cultivating lentil due to its low productivity, primarily due to the insufficient number of varieties adaptable to the conditions of the region. In this regard, the purpose of the current study was to estimate lentil varieties by the most important traits and properties to select the most suitable ones for the Cis-Urals. The trials were conducted in 2022–2024. Weather conditions were contrasting by the years, since 2023 and 2024 were arid (HTC = 0.52 and HTC = 0.71, respectively), 2022 was favorable due to moisture supply and temperature conditions (HTC = 1.30). The estimation, records and measurements were carried out in accordance with the Methodology of the state variety testing of agricultural crops. The lentil varieties ‘Vekhovskaya 1’, ‘Ekaterinovskaya’, ‘Rauza’, ‘Danaya’, ‘Oktava’, ‘Pikantnaya’, ‘Nevesta’, ‘Lira’ were the material for the current study. The results of our trials have shown that in 2022–2024, the earliest ripening varieties were ‘Pikantnaya’, ‘Danaya’, ‘Vekhovskaya 1’ with the length of a vegetation period of 74.3±1.5; 74.0±2.0; 75.3±2.5 days, respectively. The technologically efficient varieties with high attachment of lower beans were ‘Ekaterinovskaya’, ‘Oktava’, ‘Nevesta’, ‘Danaya’, ‘Pikantnaya’. High seed productivity was established in the varieties ‘Ekaterinovskaya’, ‘Oktava’, ‘Nevesta’ with 2.06±0.11; 1.94±0.04; 1.94±0.09 g of seed per plant, respectively. According to the Competitive Variety Testing data, on average over 3 years, the greatest grain yield increase was given by the varieties ‘Nevesta’ (+0.16 t/ha), ‘Ekaterinovskaya’ (+0.15 t/ha), ‘Oktava’ (+0.12 t/ha). The results obtained allow recommending the most adaptive and highly productive lentil varieties ‘Ekaterinovskaya’, ‘Nevesta’, ‘Oktava’ for cultivation in the Republic of Bashkortostan.

One of the main trends of winter common wheat breeding at the FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy” is the development of universal varieties that combine a set of economically valuable traits and properties, such as high and stable productivity at various growing conditions, short stems, complex resistance to unfavorable environmental factors and product quality corresponding to valuable and strong wheat. The purpose of the current work was to estimate the new winter common wheat variety ‘Ayuta’ according to economically valuable traits in comparison with commercial varieties bred by the FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy”. There have been studied 10 varieties of Zernograd breeding in 2020–2024 after such forecrops as maize for grain, green manure fallow, peas and sunflower. The new winter common wheat variety ‘Ayuta’ has been included in the State List of Breeding Achievements of the Russian Federation since 2024 for the Central Blackearth and North Caucasus regions. During the years of study, the variety formed large productivity in comparison with the standard after all studied forecrops, namely maize for grain (7.90; +0.63 t/ha), green manure fallow (9.88; +0.60 t/ha), peas (8.11; +0.29 t/ha), sunflower (6.08; +0.24 t/ha). The most stable varieties with high ecological resistance in the trial were ‘Don 107’, ‘Lidiya’ and ‘Ayuta’ (productivity range of 26.5–28.8 %; stability factor of 1.36–1.40). The new variety meets the main requirements of agricultural production, such as a low height (84.1 cm), lodging resistant (5 points), resistant to brown rust (0–5 %), powdery mildew (1.5 points). The variety was included in the lists of “valuable wheat” due to grain quality.

The purpose of the current study was to estimate the breeding material of spring Sarepta mustard according to the main parameters of productivity and adaptability to cultivation under insufficient moisture of the Rostov region, to identify highly productive, ecologically adaptable, stress-resistant varieties suitable and in demand in the regions with similar weather and climate conditions. There has been conducted an estimation of the breeding material of spring Sarepta mustard in the preliminary variety testing according to the main parameters of productivity and adaptability to cultivation in the area with insufficient moisture. Highly productive, ecologically plastic, stress-resistant cultivars have been identified for further breeding work when creating new varieties of Sarepta mustard. There have been described weather conditions in the years of the study (2020–2022). The year of 2022 was the most favorable for the growth and development of Sarepta mustard plants, having a positive value of the environmental index (Ij = +0.16), the mean productivity of the samples was 2.08 t/ha. The analysis of the obtained data allowed identifying the most stress-resis- tant varieties of Sarepta mustard with high genetic flexibility, stability and adaptability. According to the stress resistance index, the variety sample № 2466 was the best one (-0.1), the other variety samples developed in the conditions of the Don Experimental Station were within the range of (-0.2) – (-0.5). The samples № 2547, № 2466 and № 67505 were found to be of high genetic flexibility and adaptability. The samples № 2466 and № 2497 demonstrated stability with σd2 = 0.29 and σd2 = 0.42. The samples № 67505 and № 2466 were characterized by a high degree of adaptability (104.7 % and 105.7 %). The standard variety ‘Luks’ and the variety ‘2547’ were close to 100 %. As a result, there have been identified such samples № 67505, № 2466, № 2547, № 2497 with different levels of manifestation of the main economic traits that have breeding value.

Throughout the history of oat breeding in Altai, seven varieties have been developed and introduced into the List of Breeding Achievements. Five of them are the varieties ‘Altaiskiy krupnozerny’ (1992), ‘Korifey’ (1999), ‘Pegas’ (2009), ‘Rusich’ (2021), ‘Vektor’ (2021) for grain fodder use, two varieties ‘Argument’ (2005) and ‘Dzhigit’ (2024) are universal. The new oat variety ‘Dzhigit’ was developed by individual selection from the hybrid combination ‘Mutika 551’ x ‘Kalgan’. The crossing was carried out in 2003, the basic plant was selected in 2007. The study in the competitive testing nursery took place in 2013–2024. The State Variety Testing was in 2022, 2023. The current paper has presented the study results of oat varieties in 2022–2024. In the competitive testing nursery, the productivity of the variety ‘Dzhigit’ sown in fallow varied from 4.98 to 6.83 t/ha. The mean productivity was 5.78 t/ha, while the standard variety ‘Vektor’ had 5.12 t/ha with an increase of 0.66 t/ha or 12.9 %. On average, the productivity after the grain forecrop was 3.52 t/ha, which exceeded that of the standard variety by 0.58 t/ha or 19.7 %. Over the years of study, ‘Dzhigit’ has proved to be adapted to unfavorable environmental factors. The advantages of the new variety are as follows: large productivity of grain and green mass, grain size, resistance to lodging and loose smut. The variety ‘Dzhigit’ has been included in the List of breeding achievements approved for use since 2024 in the West Siberian (10), East Siberian (11) regions for grain and mowing purposes, in the Far Eastern (12) for grain purpose.

The most effective way to increase grain production is to develop and introduce new varieties that provide a significant productivity increase and improve grain quality. The purpose of the current study was to estimate productivity and quality indicators of winter durum wheat varieties in the south of the Rostov region. The study was conducted at the “Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” in 2020–2023. The objects of the study were 13 winter durum wheat varieties, including the standard variety ‘Kristella’. The analysis of the results has shown that productivity in 2020–2023 varied from 7.57 to 9.31 t/ha, the standard variety ‘Kristella’ produced 7.99 t/ha, with the largest yields produced by the varieties ‘Pridonie’ (9.31 t/ha) and ‘Grafit’ (9.08 t/ha). In terms of hardiness, the variation was from 67 % in the variety ‘Khrizolit’ to 84 % in the variety ‘Grafit’, while the standard ‘Kristella’ was of 80 %. Grain nature weight with high values of 770 g/l was identified in the varieties ‘Diona’ (777 g/l), ‘Yakhont’ (798 g/l), ‘Yantarina’ (787 g/l), ‘Uslada’ (771 g/l), ‘Lakomka’ (775 g/l), ‘Ellada’ (788 g/l), ‘Pridonie’ (788 g/l), ‘Karotinka’ (792 g/l). Over the years of study, according to 1000-grain weight there were identified the varieties ‘Ellada’ (40.7 g), ‘Pridonie’ (39.4 g), ‘Karotinka’ (39.9 g), ‘Grafit’ (38.0 g), while the value of the standard ‘Kristella’ was 37.2 g. The studied winter durum wheat varieties corresponded to the 1-st class (GOST 9353-2016) according to gluten percentage in grain, and to the 2–3 class according to gluten quality. There have been established that the varieties ‘Diona’ (45 ml), ‘Yakhont’ (40 ml), ‘Grafit’ (40 ml) are of high SDS-sedimentation. There have been determined that the varieties ‘Kristella’ (15.28 %), ‘Yakhont’ (15.32 %), ‘Diona’ (14.92 %), ‘Yubilyarka’ (14.93 %), ‘Ellada’ (14.72 %), ‘Karotinka’ (14.78 %) are of high protein percentage. An average positive correlation was identified between productivity and grain nature weight (r = 0.56±0.06), and SDS-sedimentation (r = 0.34±0.08).

The purpose of the current study was to identify the most valuable winter rye genotypes in the competitive variety testing for pentosans content and quality. The objects of the study were 15 varieties and promising populations, harvested in 2017, 2018, 2019, 2022, 2023 and 2024. Soils were southern chernozems with solonetz spots; the rye was laid in black fallow, plot area was 25 m²; climate was moderately continental. Rheological properties of “rye meal-water” suspensions were determined using a Brabender rotary viscograph at a temperature of 20 °C in conventional units of the device (v.u.). There have been analyzed the viscogram indices ВС₀, ВС₁₀, ВС₃₀ and the calculated values V̅₁₀, V̅₃₀. There have been used dispersion and correlation methods of statistical data processing. The weather conditions varied from the respectively wet 2017 to all other dry years, with the exception of 2023, when June was “reliably wet”. The BC₀ data has shown that the highest viscosity values were observed in almost all varieties in 2019 and 2024, the lowest ones in 2017 and 2023. The highest values of  V̅₁₀, which indicated hydrophilicity of pentosans, were observed in 2018, 2019 and 2024. Similar conclusions can be made about the values of the BC₁₀, BC₃₀ indicators and the swelling rate within 30 minutes ( V̅₃₀) in all years of study. At the initial stage of the trial, pentosans swell more intensively; after 30 minutes, the viscosity of the suspension reaches its maximum only in some varieties. The mean value of BC₀ for all years of the study was 164.8 units; 252.7 units of BC₁₀ and 323.9 units of BC₃₀. The ranks of the studied varieties and populations do not change significantly, with the exception of 2024, since the vegetation conditions were extremely dry. The highest absolute values of all studied characteristics were observed in dry years, however, if the period of grain filling and ripening was characterized as “extremely dry” (2024), then the rank of varieties became different. The lowest viscosity values and the range of their variation were observed in 2023, when 102.8 % of the precipitation from long-term data fell in June. The varieties ‘Marusenka’ and ‘Solnyshko’ were characterized by reduced viscosity in all years of the study, ‘RZh-1’, ‘RH-11-20’, ‘KKG’ (belozernaya) and ‘KKG’ (zelenozernaya) had higher viscosity.

Research aimed at increasing sorghum productivity and developing cultivation methods and technologies based on determining sowing methods and seed sowing rates, selecting varieties, using fertilizers and herbicides to protect and nourish plants, is still of great relevance. The purpose of the current work was to identify the most efficient sowing method and seeding rate, as well as fertilizing rates to improve productivity of sorghum grain in the North Caucasus. There was conducted the study of norms, methods of sowing grain sorghum and doses of mineral fertilizers in the Rostov Region and the Republic of Dagestan. Sowing, tillage, and crop care were carried out in accordance with the Methodology of the State Commission for Variety Testing of Agricultural Crops. The object of the study was the grain sorghum variety ‘Zernogradskoe 88’. The largest grain productivity in the Rostov Region and the Republic of Dagestan with 4.93 and 4.15 t/ha was established with wide row sowing with a seeding rate of 300 K grains/ha. The study of the sowing method has found that this factor did not affect the sorghum grain productivity, the values of which were within the limits of the least significant difference. When using mineral fertilizers, a significant grain productivity increase was established in all variants of the trial. The highest productivity values were obtained with a seeding rate of 350 K grains/ha and the application of N₁₉₀P₁₂₈К₈₀ and N₂₂₀P₁₄₄К₉₀. These rates make it possible to yield 6.08–7.41 t/ha.

The current study was conducted in 2018, 2019 and 2021, on the experimental plots of the Volga Region RIBSP. The object of the study was the winter common wheat variety ‘Povolzhskaya Niva’. The purpose was to study the process of protein and starch accumulation in winter wheat grain at different stages of growth and maturation, under different weather conditions of the vegetation period. For this purpose, ears were selected at 6 stages of growth and maturation of winter wheat grain (according to the BBCN scale). The ears were dried to 14 % moisture. Protein and starch content was estimated by the InfraLum FT infrared analyzer. The weather conditions were contrasting, the HTC for the period of growth and maturation of winter wheat grain in 2018 and 2019 was characterized as dry (0.1 and 0.2, respectively), and 2021 as very dry (0.65). The lowest protein percentage in grain was identified in 2018 (11–13 %), the highest was in 2021 (13–15 %). Low protein percentage was established at the stage of late milk maturity (12 % on average for 3 years), and at the stage of early full maturity it was high (14 % on average for 3 years). Over the years of study, the starch content in winter wheat grain was high. Starch content in wheat grain at the stages of growth and maturation varied due to a greater extent on the weather conditions of the years of study. At the stages of middle and late milk maturity, there was a positive strong correlation between protein and starch content (0.859 and 0.951, respectively). Starting from the stage of early wax maturity and up to early full maturity, there was a negative correlation (from the mean statistical of 0.588 to the strong statistical of 0.987).

The use of physical methods for pre-sowing treatment of grain crop seeds helps to improve productivity and is an economically justified and environmentally friendly approach. One of these methods is pre-sowing treatment of seeds with an electric field of alternating voltage of industrial frequency (EFAV). There has been proposed an optimal scheme for treating barley seeds with EFAV, which increases their laboratory germination and forms more powerful sprouts, but the effect of this method on productivity has not been studied. The purpose of the current study was to establish the effect of pre-sowing seed treatment of the spring barley variety ‘Vakula’ with the EFAV in the field trial on vegetation, productivity, and yield structure elements. The study was conducted on the experimental plot of the ABEI in 2018–2020. The objects of the study were the seeds of the spring barley variety ‘Vakula’, reproduced in 2017–2019. The seeds were treated with an EFAV with a strength of 0.5 kV/cm on an experimental device for 20, 40 and 60 seconds, and then they were sown on the fifth day after treatment. The plot area was 100 m2 , with a threefold repetition and systematic placement of plots. The harvesting was carried out by direct combining, the harvested crop was immediately weighed in the field and brought to 100% purity and 14 % humidity. It was found that all tested variants of the time of pre-sowing seed treatment during all years of testing resulted in productivity improvement by 6.9–13 %. The maximum yield increase was identified in the 40-second variant in the extremely arid year. The greatest yield increase (11.2 %) was recorded with treatment for 40 seconds on average over three years. Grain productivity has improved due to an increase in the number of plants per 1 m2 , 1000-grain weight and productive tillering. 1000-grain weight increased by 0.7–4.2% in 2018, by 0.35–1.53 % in 2019 and by 3.2–3.9 % in 2020.

The effect of seed quality on winter common wheat productivity is well known. The current paper has presented the results of a field trial to study the effect of seeding rates and the fractional composition of seeds on the productivity of the winter common wheat variety ‘Shef’, which was carried out in the south of the Rostov region on ordinary blackearth in the FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy” (2021-2024). The purpose of the current work was to estimate the effect of seeding rates and seed fractions on winter common wheat productivity in the primary links of seed production. It was found that with the optimal seed fraction of 2.4×20 mm and the maximum seeding rate of 5.0 million germ. seeds, there was obtained the largest productivity (9.8 t/ha). It was found that with the seeding rate of 3.0 million germ. seeds and the fractional composition of 2.4×20 mm, there was formed the largest 1000-seed weight (47.5 g), and the smallest one (42.7) was formed with the seeding rate of 5.0 million germ. seeds and the fraction of 2.6×20 mm. It was found that with the fraction of 2.4 × 20 mm and the mean seeding rate (3.0 million germ. seeds), there was obtained the maximum yield of quality seeds. Thus, to obtain higher-quality seed material for winter common wheat in primary seed production, it is necessary to use optimal seeding rates and seed fractions. The experimental data allow recommending seeds for sowing with the fractional composition of 2.4×20 mm and the seeding rate of 2.5 to 3.5 million germ. seeds.

Winter wheat cultivation in the dry steppe zone of chestnut soils of the Volgograd region make it possible to yield high-quality grain using a traditional set of intensification tools (early spring fertilization with ammonium nitrate, foliar fertilization with micronutrients). However, taking into account the increased demands of grain buyers for its quality, and the emerging increase of precipitation, and, consequently, productivity, which somewhat reduces protein percentage, agricultural producers have been faced with the concern to find a tool that will help to stabilize grain quality indicators. There have been studied 5 promising winter wheat varieties developed by two originators, the varieties of which are most popular in the Volgograd region, namely the Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” and the FRC “Agroecology” of RAS, on the use of urea fertilizing. The work was carried out from 2022 to 2024. The purpose of the current work was to evaluate winter wheat varieties that have a pronounced reaction to foliar treatment of crops with urea, and to identify the effect of this agricultural technique on various yield structure elements and grain quality. During the study there was found that the use of additional nitrogen fertilizers during the ear formation period in the steppe zone of the Volgograd region on dark chestnut soils had a positive effect on winter wheat productivity, allowing to obtain from 3.14 to 3.69 tons per hectare, which exceeded the control indicator by 0.13–0.26 tons per hectare. The largest productivity was given by such varieties as ‘Krasa Dona’ (3.69 t/ha), ‘Kamyshanka 4’ (3.46 t/ha) and ‘Etyud’ (3.45 t/ha). The highest protein percentage in grain was established in the variety ‘Etyud’ (13.9 %). The indicators of the varieties ‘Krasa Dona’, ‘Kamyshanka 4’, ‘Zhavoronok’ ranged from 13.1 to 13.3 %. The variety ‘Kamyshanka 4’ gave the greatest yield increase due to this agricultural technique (1.1 %).

The current study was conducted with the purpose to identify the effect of technology intensity on crop formation and grain quality of winter wheat grown under direct seeding on ordinary blackearth in the Stavropol Territory. The work was carried out at the North Caucasus FSRC in 2020–2023, where winter wheat was cultivated after peas using extensive, normal and intensive technologies in crop rotation, such as peas – winter wheat – sunflower – winter wheat, in which the soil for all crops was not cultivated for three years before and during the trials. There has been found that the technologies did not have a significant impact on field germination and the period of sprout emergence. However, due to the better nutrition regime and less plant damage by diseases and pests, the largest above-ground mass (4095 g/m2 ), leaf surface (3.87 m2 /m2 ) and surface photosynthetic potential (2.37 million m2 × day/ha) were formed by winter wheat under intensive technology, which was reliably 32.1–33.9 % more than normal and 55.0–59.8 % more than under extensive technology. The largest winter wheat productivity was obtained under intensive technology with 6.26 t/ha, which was ensured by high density of plants, their productive tillering, grain content and grain weight per ear. Under normal and extensive technology, the productivity was significantly lower by 2.38 t/ha (38.0 %) and 4.98 t/ha (79.6 %), which was due to a significant decrease in all yield structure elements. Under extensive technology, the yielded grain was of 5 class, under normal and intensive technology it was food grain of 3 class.

The current study was conducted in 2021–2024 to identify the effect of the agricultural background and conditions of the drained agricultural landscape on productivity and economic efficiency of grain production of the spring wheat variety ‘Zlata’ within the Upper Volga region in a stationary field trial located on a terminal moraine hill in the Tver region. The trial scheme comprises the agro-microlandscapes (factor A) such as transit-accumulative southern slope, transit southern slope, eluvial-transit southern slope, eluvial-accumulative (hilltop), eluvial-transit northern slope, transit northern slope, transit-accumulative northern slope and the fertilizer background (factor B), where 1) control (N₃₀) and 2) N₆₀P₆₀K₆₀. There has been found that the application of full NPK at a dose of 60 kg/ha in active ingredient under the spring wheat variety ‘Zlata’ contributed to obtaining the maximum increase in grain productivity with 0.62 t/ha in the upper parts of the agrolandscape (in the eluvial-accumulative and eluvial-transit southern slope) in comparison with the control (N₃₀). The variability of wheat productivity in the variant with full NPK was 22.7 %, and in the control it increased to 28.2 %. The spring wheat productivity obtained in the control variant has shown a direct strong correlation with the content of humus (r = 0.80) and easily hydrolyzed nitrogen (r = 0.75) in soil. The costs of producing 1 ha of spring wheat and the cost of the obtained products were maximum on the agricultural background with the use of N₆₀P₆₀K₆₀ in the transit-accumulative microlandscape of the northern slope and amounted to 38.27 and 77.10 thousand rubles/ha, respectively. The lowest cost price of 1 ton of spring wheat grain (11.2 thousand rubles) was in the control variant of the transit-accumulative microlandscape of the northern slope. The maximum conditional profit in the trial (46.41 thousand rubles/ha) and profitability (167.6 %) were obtained in the control variant of the transit-accumulative agro-microlandscape.

The purpose of the current study was to find out the effect of the growth regulator “Rostok” on productivity and grain quality of spring wheat varieties ‘Iren’ and ‘Ikar’ in the forest-steppe of the Tyumen region. The study was conducted from 2014 to 2017 at the experimental plot of the Northern Trans-Ural SAU, where there was studied the effect of the humic product “Rostok” on the length of interphase periods, photosynthetic activity of leaves, productivity, and grain quality of spring common wheat varieties. The work was conducted both in the field and in the laboratory. The cultivation technology of spring common wheat corresponded to the recommendations for the Tyumen region and included primary plowing to a depth of 26–28 cm, spring harrowing, fertilizing (N₆₀P₆₀K₄₅) and pre-sowing cultivation to a depth of 6–7 cm. Sowing was carried out by the SSFK-10 seeder with a seeding rate of 6.2 million germ.grains per hectare. The objects of the study were two varietal registered varieties of spring common wheat ‘Iren’ (middle-early) and ‘Ikar’ (middle-ripening). The study was conducted using generally accepted methods, including the Methodology of the State Variety Testing. A. A. Nichiporovich method was used to determine the photosynthetic activity of plants. When estimating the quality indicators of grain, the methods described and adopted in GOSTs were relied on. There has found that in the variants with pre-sowing treatment of seeds and joint treatment of seeds and plants, it was possible to achieve the maximum manifestation of economic traits. Density of sprouts increased by 11.7–16.3 %, survival rate of plants for harvesting by 8.2–13.6 %, productive tillering by 0.15–0.24, grain content per ear by 4–5 grains, and productivity by 0.43–0.77 t/ha, productivity of the variety ‘Iren’ was 2.82 t/ha, and 2.98 t/ha of the variety ‘Ikar’. Grain productivity was combined with its quality, since protein content was 15.7–16.4 % in the variety ‘Iren’ and 13.7–14.1 % in the variety ‘Ikar’. According to gluten percentage and quality, the grain of the variety ‘Iren’ meets the requirements for strong wheat, while the variety ‘Ikar’ meets the requirements for ordinary wheat. The grain profitability in the experimental variants was 52.3–63.1 % for the variety ‘Iren’ and 47.5–60.6 % for the variety ‘Ikar’, while for the control variety it was 31.4 % and 25.1 %, respectively.