There has been given characteristics of the new winter rye variety ‘Arga’ in comparison with the standard varieties ‘Yeniseyka’ and ‘Krasnoyarskaya universalnaya’ during the study in trials of 2017–2024 at the “Minino” of the Krasnoyarsk RIA, a separate structural unit of the FRC KSC CB RAS, within the framework of the state assignment. The winter rye variety ‘Arga’ was developed due to the variety ‘Yeniseyka 3’ being a donor of low watersoluble pentosans and short stem and the variety ‘Irtyshskaya’. During the development, there was used the method of intra-population cumulative crossings with paired crossings, selection and cross-pollination of the best pairs and the method of clonal halves for identification and selection of the best clones with their subsequent unification into a complex population, intra-population selection for winter tolerance and productivity. The variety was sent to the State variety testing in 2019, and in 2023 it was included in the State List for the East Siberian (11) region and recommended for cultivation in the Krasnoyarsk Territory and the Irkutsk region. There has been established in the competitive variety testing that the winter rye variety ‘Arga’ has a number of advantages in comparison with the standard varieties ‘Yeniseyka’ and ‘Krasnoyarskaya universalnaya’. The new variety was not inferior to the standards in winter tolerance and surpassed them in lodging resistance. In terms of mean productivity (4.5 t/ha), the variety ‘Arga’ exceeded the standard varieties ‘Yeniseyka’ and ‘Krasnoyarskaya universalnaya’ by 0.41 and 0.13 t/ha, respectively. The superior productivity was due to the larger grain number per ear and 1000-grain weight. The maximum recorded productivity of 1000 grains in the Krasnoyarsk Territory was 7.22 t/ha.

At present, the high level of breeding work requires careful selection of initial material, identification of valuable forms in the world collection of wheat to develop highly productive varieties resistant to infectious diseases and with high grain quality. Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to estimate the initial material of winter durum wheat and identify sources of resistance to the main foliar diseases in the south of the Rostov region. The study was carried out in the fields of the department of winter wheat breeding and seed production of the FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy” in 2020–2022. There have been studied 159 genotypes of various geographical origins, represented by 13 countries, namely 44.8 % from Russia, 15.8 % from Mexico, 9.4 % from Ukraine, Turkey, etc. The estimation of genotypes for resistance to foliar diseases (powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis tritici), brown (Puccinia triticina) and yellow rust (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici), septoria (Zymoseptoria tritici)) was carried out on a natural background. High air humidity and abundant precipitation in the spring-summer period through all yearsof study favored the development of foliar diseases on winter durum wheat. As a result there have been identified several genotypes with complex resistance to the main foliar diseases common for the south of the Rostov region such as 1148/12, 1015/16, 1006/15, 323/17, 955/17, Cremona, Krupinka (Russia), SN TURK MI 82-83 90/GUTROS-2, P 1290493//HUI//AV79 (Mexico), Rodur (France), which can be recommended as promising material for further breeding work in order to develop resistant varieties with economically valuable traits.

The current paper has presented the results of the development and study of a new winter common wheat variety ‘Dargo’. The purpose of breeding was to obtain and characterize a variety optimally adapted to the forest-steppe conditions of the Middle Volga region with genetically determined resistance to powdery mildew and brown rust. A new winter common wheat variety ‘Dargo’ has been developed by the researchers of the Penza RIA using the method of intraspecific hybridization and subsequent individual selection of basic plants in the generation F3, obtained from crossing the varieties ‘Volzhskaya100’ (Ulyanovsk RIA), ‘Samaryanka’ (Samara RIA) and Century (US). The current paper has presented detailed data on the morphological features and economic and biological characteristics of the new variety. The 2021–2023 testing results have shown that the variety ‘Dargo’ demonstrates a statistically significant grain productivity improvement compared to the standard variety ‘Fotinya’. The productivity advantage averaged 0.73 t/ha. The large productivity of ‘Dargo’ is ensured by the increased 1000-grain weight (40.6 g), a larger number of grains per ear (52 pcs.) and an increased grain weight per ear (2.11 g). The valuable characteristics of the variety also include high winter resistance (about 95 %) and almost complete resistance to powdery mildew and brown rust. In addition, ‘Dargo’ produces grain with high consumer qualities, namely 750–790 g/l of grain nature weight, 15.4–16.7 % of protein, 28.2–30.4 % of gluten with 86–95 u. of GDI. Economic analysis has revealed that cultivation of the variety ‘Dargo’ is by 8160 rubles more profitable per hectare compared to that of the variety ‘Fotinya’. The variety ‘Dargo’ has demonstrated higher production profitability (138 %) compared to the variety ‘Fotinya’ (114 %).

The current study was conducted in six research institutions of the Russian Federation, namely the ARRIM (Stavropol Territory), the Belgorod FARC (the Belgorod region), the BSPC “Otbor” (Kabardino-Balkarian Republic), the LLC “Semenovodstvo Kubani”, the NCG named after P.P. Lukyanenko (Krasnodar Territory), and the ARC “Donskoy” (the Rostov region). The study was conducted in 2022–2024, annually studying 13–15 hybrids, including standards. There have been developed new hybrids by interline hybridization. Field trials were laid out in accordance with the Methodological recommendations for conducting field trials with maize. The purpose was to study new early-maturing and middle-early maize hybrids in specific soil and climatic conditions to estimate the grain productivity potential and identify the areas suitable for their cultivation. The conducted study has allowed identifying a new early-ripening maize hybrid ‘Vityaz MV’ suitable for cultivation in various soil and climatic areas of Russia. The grain productivity of the hybrid exceeded the mean values of the standards, including the best domestic early-maturing maize hybrids ‘Ross 140 SV’, ‘Mashuk 168’, ‘Krasnodarsky 194 MV’ by 0.43–1.64 t/ha, and was not inferior in productivity to the best foreign standards. There has been identified a new early-maturing hybrid ‘Zernogradsky 181 MV’ with practical value for agricultural producers, but a selective approach is required for its use. The best results were obtained in the Rostov Region, Stavropol, and Krasnodar Territories. There were annually identified such early and middle-early hybrid combinations as ‘ZE 200 – 60-2’ (8.90 t/ha) in the Belgorod FARC in 2022; ‘ZE 170 – 60-3’ (8.72 t/ha) in the BSPC “Otbor” and ‘ZE 200 – 60-3’ (8.57 t/ha) in the NCG named after P.P. Lukyanenko in 2023.

The purpose of the current study was to determine the variability of the vegetation period and productivity of spring wheat and their correlation with weather factors. The study was conducted on the experimental foreststeppe plots of the Krasnoyarsk RIA in 2021–2024. The objects of the study were 14 spring wheat varieties and breeding samples. There have been selected 12 best samples developed in the Krasnoyarsk RIA, including the middle-late standard variety ‘Svirel’, the middle-early standard variety ‘Altayskaya 70’ and the middle-maturing variety ‘Altayskaya 75’. There have been presented the results of varying the length of the vegetation period and productivity and their correlation with weather factors. The longest vegetation period from 89 to 102 days was established under low temperatures in July and August of 2022. The shortest one from 74 to 81 days was in 2024, the warmest year. The most stable one was the period ‘sprouts-heading stage’ (V = 1.8–3.8 %). The correlation between the mean daily temperature and the length of the vegetation period for 14 years (2011–2024) of the variety ‘Altayskaya 70’ was r = -0.72±0.20. The precipitation effect was positive, but insignificant with r = 0.48±0.25. Similar values were obtained by determining the correlation among productivity, temperature and precipitation with r = -0.80±0.17 and r = 0.19±0.28, respectively. The correlation between the length of the vegetation period and productivity was average positive with r = 0.41±0.26. Productivity increased from the middle-early varieties (4.04 t/ha) to middle-late ones (4.47 t/ha). On average, over 4 years, the best productivity in the middle-early group was given by the breeding sample ‘K-858-2’ (4.58 t/ha), in the middle-maturing group these were the samples ‘K-890-7’ and ‘K-943-2’ (4.52 and 4.55 t/ha), in the middle-late group these were ‘K-963-6’ and ‘K-960-7’ (4.64 and 4.66 t/ha). The increases to the standards of the corresponding maturity group amounted from 19 to 27 %. The middle-maturing breeding sample ‘K-890-7’, selected according to the study results, is being prepared to be sent to the State Variety Testing.

There have been presented the testing results of sainfoin samples developed by the FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy” in the southern part of the Rostov Region. The purpose of the current study was to estimate the biochemical composition of sand sainfoin varieties and lines, to identify promising initial breeding material for consistently high indicators of green mass quality. The study was conducted in 2019–2023. Phenological observations and laboratory tests were carried out in accordance with generally accepted methods and GOSTs. The objects of the studies were 5 sainfoin varieties included in the register and approved for use and 4 promising lines. The study of the chemical composition made it possible to establish that, on average, over the years of study, the largest dry matter content was established in the variety ‘Shuravi’ (21.25 %) and the line ‘Sin 15/93’ (20.92 %). The varieties ‘Atamansky 20’ (19.87 %), ‘Veles’ (18.70 %), ‘Sudar’ (18.04 %), ‘Shuravi’ (18.79 %) and the lines ‘Sin 9/97’ (17.41 %), ‘Sin 15/93’ (17.95 %) were the best in terms of crude protein percentage. The variety ‘Shuravi’ (2.53 %) and the lines ‘Sin 15/93’ (2.45 %), ‘Sin 1/2000’ (2.39 %) had the maximum oil content in green mass. The variety ‘Shuravi’ (9.45%) exceeded the standard one in terms of crude ash content. The variety ‘Sudar’ (42.36 %) and the line ‘Sin 15/93’ (42.23%) were characterized by the maximum amount of NfES. The varieties ‘Atamansky 20’ (9.83 MJ/kg), ‘Veles’ (9.76 MJ/kg), ‘Sudar’ (9.93 MJ/kg) and the line ‘Sin 15/93’ (9.99 MJ/kg) are characterized by high values of exchange energy, which allows recommending these genotypes for use in the breeding process as sources of useful traits and properties and in the production process as a forecrop, for preparation of feed with high nutritional and energy value.

An important criterion for an effective process in growing agricultural products is the absolute reproduction of the variety, developed as a result of studies by scientists and producers and ensuring the complete implementation of its genetic potential through intensive technologies of its cultivation. Obtaining maximum productivity of the main agricultural crops is possible provided that the biological characteristics of the variety are taken into account, which determine the use of the most acceptable technological methods; only in this case is it possible to implement the genetic potential of the variety. The purpose of the current work was to identify the most effective agricultural methods that will ensure large productivity and economic efficiency in the cultivation of a new, intensive winter triticale variety ‘Forte’. There have been calculated the rates of mineral fertilizers that provide the planned productivity, namely 5.0; 7.0 and 10.0 t/ha at the seeding rate of 3.0; 4.0; 5.0 million germ. seeds per hectare, taking into account the weather conditions of the region and their use in different cultivation technologies. All options have shown high profitability of production of the studied variety during the period. Thus, the developed technology allows obtaining the planned productivity with a high level of product profitability, which, depending on the cultivation technology and weatherconditions of 2022, was 44.02 % with a planned productivity of 5.0 t/ha and a seeding rate of 3.0 million germ. seedsper hectare, and 44.93 % with a seeding rate of 4.0 million germ. seeds per ha. In the vegetation period of 2023, the profitability was 26.02 and 26.35 %, respectively. With a planned productivity of 7.0 t/ha in 2022, the profitability varied slightly with 51.01, 51.99 and 49.01 %. The planned productivity of 10.0 t/ha allowed obtaining profitability of 51.01, 51.99, 49.01 % in 2022, and 35.02, 35.48 and 32.10 % in 2023.

The purpose of the current study was to investigate the aluminum resistance of oat genotypes (Avena sativa L.) at early stages of ontogenesis. Oats is a valuable crop which is widely used for feed and food production. The objects of the tests were 6 oat varieties (‘Otrada’, ‘Foma’, ‘Talisman’, ‘Tobolyak’, ‘Sirius’, ‘Raduzhny’). Using the oat variety ‘Tobolyak’ (k-15887) as an example, there was conducted experiment 1 to examine the effect of the pH level of the solution on the growth activity of seven-day-old plants. Using sulfuric acid, the pH of distilled water was brought to 3.6 units. Distilled water with a pH of 6.0 units was used as a control. Water solutions of aluminum sulfate for experiment 2 were prepared in concentrations of 1.5; 3.0; 5.0 g/l, which corresponded to 4, 9, and 15 mmol/l. There has been established that regardless of the studied variant, the pH of the solution of 6.0 and 3.0 units had a slight effect on growth activity in the juvenile period, visually the plants looked healthy since there were no changes in color and shape of the root system, as these of the sprouts. There has been identified a varietal reaction of oats to the toxic effect of increasing aluminum ion concentrations. The most resistant to the effects of an aluminum ion concentration of 4 and 9 mmol/l in the solution was the variety ‘Tobolyak’, the root length index of seven-day plant sproutswas 57 and 20 % relative to the control. The strongest effect of inhibition of oat plant development was established in the variety ‘Otrada’ in the variant with an Al³⁺ concentration of 4 mmol/l, the root length index was 25% relative to the control. There has been determined a dependence expressed by the regression equation y = 0.7x² – 20.15x – 157.4 where y is the length of the roots on the seventh day of germination, mm; x is the concentration of Al³⁺ in the solution, mmol/l. In this case, the determination index (R²) is equal to 1, which corresponds to the ideal model of the regression line, proving the dependence of the root length of oat sprouts on the concentration of Al³⁺ in the solution.

The current study was conducted on leached blackearth of the experimental plot of the Northern Trans-Ural SAU located in the forest-steppe of the Trans-Urals in 2023–2024. The purpose of the study was to establish the organic carbon balance in leached blackearth during the cultivation of various crops and fallows in the Western Siberia. During the vegetation period, in all studied variants, carbon emissions increased from May to July and then decreased towards the autumn. In the moderately wet 2023, carbon losses due to soil respiration amounted to 2.4 t/ha in spring wheat crops, 3.2 t/ha in maize crops and 3.8 t/ha in alfalfa crops. In the excessively wet 2024, emissions increased by 46 % in spring wheat crops, by 16 % in maize crops and by 21 % in alfalfa crops. In the excessively wet 2024, the mass of plant residues was larger than in the moderately wet 2023 by 31 %, 22 % in wheat and maize crops, by 6 % and 26 % in alfalfa crops and in sown fallow. In the moderately wet 2023, the C_org content in root and stubble residues was 0.7–2.5 % higher than in the excessively wet 2024. There has been determined that in the moderately wet year, carbon losses from the soil were -0.2 t/ha during spring wheat cultivation, -1.5 t/ha during maize cultivation, -1.0 t/ha in sown fallow and -1.8 t/ha in weedfree fallow. A positive balance of +0.2 t/ha was obtained only when cultivating alfalfa. In an excessively wet year, a negative carbon balance in soil was obtained in all the studied variants. It increased to -0.6 t/ha in wheat crops, by 13 % in maize crops, and to -0.5 t/ha in alfalfa crops. However, carbon losses decreased to -0.4 t/ha in sown fallow and to -1.3 t/ha in weedfree fallow.

Inoculants based on bacteria of the genus Bradyrhizobium have long been used in soybean cultivation to provide plants with nitrogen and improve crop productivity. At the same time, inoculants are an economically and environ mentally sound alternative to nitrogen mineral fertilizers. In contrast, the use of inoculants allows reducing economic costs of production and environmental risks. However, in agricultural practice, there are several factors that reduce the efficiency of seed inoculation, which disrupts the formation of legume-rhizobium symbiosis. One of these factors is a decrease in the number of nodule bacteria on the surface of inoculated seeds by the sowing time. In this regard, the purpose of the current work was to study the viability of bacteria of the genus Bradyrhizobium, which are the active substance of liquid inoculants used in the Russian Federation, during long-term storage of inoculated seeds. The study has shown that after inoculation, the number of Bradyrhizobium bacteria was 3.2–8.0×10⁶ CFU/seed depending on the applied product. After 14 days of seed storage at 24–28 °C, the number of viable cells was 4.0×10⁴– 1.4×10⁶ CFU/seed, after which there was a significant viability decrease. Storage of inoculated seeds for three months resulted in a complete or almost complete reduction in the number of rhizobia and did not exceed 82 CFU/seed. The studied inoculants had a high titer of 1.0–4.6×10¹⁰ CFU/ml, which exceeded the indicator declared by the manufacturer.

The article presents the three-year results (2021–2023) of environmental testing of 32 oat varieties bred by the FARC of the North-East, the Ulyanovsk RIA, a branch of the SamRC of the RAS, and the Krasnoufimsk Breeding Center, a branch of the Ural FARCUB of the RAS in the soil and climatic conditions of the Perm Territory. The purpose of the current study was to determine the ecological adaptability of new oat varieties and lines that combine high productivity potential with grain quality and are adaptive to the soil and climatic conditions of the Perm Territory. The soil of the experimental plot was cultivated sod-podzolic heavy loamy. The oat productivity varied within 2.21–4.77 t/ha of hulled varieties and 1.29–3.37 t/ha of hulless varieties in 2021–2023. The grain productivity of oat varieties had a strong positive correlation (r = 0.98 p-0.05) with the HThC indicator. The value of 1000-grain weight trait varied from 23.1 to 39.2 g depending on the year. Large grain was formed by the varieties ‘Steyer’, ‘Azil’, and ‘Griva’. A large number of grain per panicle (44.2–37.5 pcs.) was formed by the varieties ‘Kirovsky 2’, ‘98-35’, ‘485/16’, ‘168/20’, ‘113/20’, ‘89-15’, ‘9h18’. The maximum panicle productivity among hulled varieties (1.55 g) was identified in the variety ‘98-35’; among hulless varieties it was 0.82–1.03 g given by the varieties ‘89-15’, ‘9h18’. On average, over 3 years, the varieties ‘98-35’, ‘485/16’, ‘168/20’, ‘57h2396’ turned to be the best ones. The grain nature weight indicator varied from 400 to 662 g/l depending on the year of study. In 2021–2023 there were obtained seeds with a germination rate of 82–99 %. The obtained seeds were of good quality in terms of purity, moisture content, disease and pest infestation, and did not contain seeds of cultivated and weed plants. A high level of profitability of 53–54 % was provided by he hulled varieties ‘Steyer’, ‘Blitz’, ‘Kirovsky’, ‘07-57’, ‘23h20’; 41–42 % was provide by the hulless varieties ’89-15’, ‘Griva’, ‘17h18’, ‘225h14’.

Field trials were conducted in 2020, 2021 and 2023 in the fields of the FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy” in the laboratory for cultivation technology of grain and row crops. The purpose of the current study was to identify the effect of bioproducts produced by the FSBSI ARRIAMB (St. Petersburg) on grain sorghum and maize productivity in the southern natural and agricultural part of the Rostov Region. The soils of the experimental plot were ordinary blackearth, heavy loamy, with 3.36% of humus in the arable layer, 7.0 pH, 24.4 of P₂O₅, 360 mg of K₂O per kg of soil. The object of the study was the grain sorghum variety ‘Zernogradskoye 88’ and the maize hybrid ‘Zernogradsky 354MV’. In 2020 there was the lowest precipitation of 245 mm during the vegetation period and the highest amount of 368.0 mm was in 2021. The use of bioproducts produced by ARRIAMB contributed to an increase in field germination (2.2–2.8 % and 3.0–4.5 %) and plant survival for harvesting (1.9–2.9 % and 2.7–3.4 %) on grain sorghum and maize, respectively. As a result of improving yield structure elements, there was established an improvement of maize grain productivity by 0.33–0.45 t/ha and grain sorghum productivity by 0.35–0.43 t/ha. Also, the grain productivity increase, caused by bioproducts used on maize and grain sorghum, contributed to the cost increase of gross output by 3150–3870 rubles/ha and 3465–4725 rubles/ha, respectively. In the variants with the use of bioproducts, the lowest cost of grain (3208–3269 rubles/t) and the highest profitability (173.9–180.5 %) were established when cultivating grain sorghum.

The current paper has presented the two-year (2021–2022) study results to estimate the efficiency of a new two-component (125 g/l prothioconazole + 100 g/l picoxystrobin) fungicide ‘Lantseya’, MEC against rice blast in laboratory and vegetation trials. The purpose of the work was to study the inhibitory activity of the product against the causative agent of rice blast, determine the biological and economic efficiency, as well as the effect on the crop yield structure. There have been tested three dosages of 0.8 l/ha, 1.0 l/ha and 1.2 l/ha. During the initial laboratory tests on pure culture of Pyricularia oryzae, there has been identified high suppressive activity of the product against the seaside population of the pathogen. There has been established that ‘Lantseya’ in all tested concentrations significantly inhibits the growth of fungal colonies. The introduction of the working solution of the fungicide on the nutrient medium has provided a significant preventive effect on the development of P. oryzae, compared to the untreated control. There was a positive dynamic, there was a significant decrease in the agar area covered with mycelium even at the minimum concentration of the fungicide. In the conditions of the vegetation trial there has been found that the use of the product as a fungicide for treating rice plants significantly reduces the blast development. Under the effect of ‘Lantseya’, the infestation significantly decreased by 77.2 (0.8 l/ha), 75.9 (1.0 l/ha) and 67.1 % (1.2 l/ha) relative to the control. There has been recorded that the use of the product during the vegetation period influenced the development of plants and their productivity. There were positive effects when using ‘Lantseya’, such as increased lant growth, grain weight per plant and 1000-seed weight. Fungicidal treatment of rice crops has resulted in a significant productivity increase. There have been recorded statistically reliable productivity increases in all experimental variants using ‘Lantseya’.

The development of winter common wheat varieties resistant to the most harmful diseases characteristic of a specific growing area is considered important for breeding work. Leaf and ear blotch are among the most dangerous and widespread wheat diseases in the Central region of the Russian Federation. The purpose of the current work was to estimate winter common wheat varieties developed by the FSBSI “Federal Research Center “Nemchinovka” according to the degree of damage by leaf and ear blotch (%) in 2019–2024 based on the competitive variety testing and a control nursery. There has been found that by the years of the study, the mean damage degree of the variety samples varied from 13.5 to 47.0 % for leaf blotch, from 0 to 12.3 % for ear blotch. The lowest damage by both diseases was observed in 2022, when the mean temperature in June and July was 1.8 and 2.4 °C higher than the long-term average, respectively, and the amount of precipitation was significantly lower than the long-term average, leaf blotch damage was 13.5 % on average (from 3.2 to 28.4 %), and ear blotch damage was 0 % (from 0 to 0.07 %). Among the varieties, the variety ‘Moskovskaya 28’ was the best in terms of leaf and ear blotch resistance, with damage of 20.10 % (R) and 2.78 % (RR), respectively. In general, all studied varieties were highly resistant to ear blotch (damage degree <11 %), and moderately resistant to leaf blotch (damage degree 21–40 %), excluding the variety ‘Moskovskaya 28’. The variety ‘Moskovskaya 28’ can be used in crossbreeding as an initial material for leaf and ear blotch resistance, as well as in the production of organic wheat grain.

Yellow rust (pathogen Puccinia striiformis West.) is an economically significant wheat disease in the North Caucasus, the harmfulness of which has been increasing in the last decade. Information on the efficiency of resistance genes and the racial composition of the pathogen is necessary for successful genetic protection of wheat. The purpose of the current study was to characterize the virulence and racial composition of P. striiformis on genetically diverse varieties of winter common wheat grown in the Krasnodar Territory. The study objects were leaves with urediniopustules of P. striiformis collected in 2021–2024 from 16 winter common wheat varieties developed by the National Center of grain named after P.P. Lukyanenko in the Krasnodar Territory. There has been obtained a total of 53 single pustule isolates. Virulence was assessed using 29 virulence testers, namely 14 isogenic lines of the variety ‘Avocet’ (AvNIL) and 15 differentiator varieties. The genes Yr5, Yr10, Yr15, Yr24 and Yr26 were characterized by high efficiency in the region, and they are recommended for breeding for yellow rust resistance. There were identified 16 phenotypes (races) in the studied collection of P. striiformis isolates when tested a full set of 29 differentiators and 10 races on 15 international differentiator varieties. For most varieties, there has been established an attack by an original phenotype, which determines the increased diversity of the Krasnodar population of P. striiformis. At the same time, the analysis of genetic distances between virulence phenotypes has not revealed significant differences between them, which suggests the existence of a single clonal population of the pathogen in this territory. The high evolutionary potential of P. striiformis requires annual monitoring of the virulence and racial composition of the pathogen population, and the search for new effective resistance donors for use in breeding for yellow rust resistance.

The current study was conducted to estimate the resistance of zoned spring common wheat varieties and lines developed by the Far Eastern SAU to the pathogens of leaf blotch, brown and stem rust, dark brown blotch and net blotch; as well as to identify dominant/recessive alleles of the Tsn1 and Snn1 genes in the genotype of varieties. Immunological tests of common wheat varieties and lines were conducted in the laboratory conditions at the All-Russian RI of Plant Protection (VIZR, St. Petersburg) and the FARC of South-East (Saratov) in 2025. The objects for the study were 6 spring common wheat varieties and 6 lines developed by the Far Eastern SAU. As a result, there have been identified different resistance levels of the samples to pathogens. Resistance to Zymoseptoria tritici was shown by 2 varieties (‘DalGAU 2’, ‘Amurskaya 1495’) and 3 breeding lines (‘KSI-6-24’, ‘KSI-21-24’, ‘KSI-26-24’). The line ‘KSI-25-24’ has demonstrated resistance to Parastagonospora nodorum. Three lines ‘KSI-6-24’, ‘KSI-21-24’ and ‘KSI-25-24’ were resistant to P. pseudonodorum. High resistance to Septoria triticicola was demonstrated by the lines ‘KSI-6-24’ and ‘KSI-21-24’, and the variety ‘Amurskaya 90’ and the lines ‘KSI-22-24’ and ‘KSI-25-24’ showed ordinary resistance. Using the molecular markers Xfcp623 and Xfcp624, which determine plant sensitivity to the toxins of P. nodorum and P. pseudonodorum (ToxA and Tox1), there has been established that the varieties ‘DalGAU 1’, ‘DalGAU 2’, ‘DalGAU 4’, ‘Amurskaya 90’ and ‘Amurskaya 1495’, as well as the lines ‘KSI-6-24’, ‘KSI-22-24’ and ‘KSI-25-24’ have protection from ToxA due to the recessive tsn1 allele. The variety ‘DalGAU 4’ and the lines ‘KSI-21-24’, ‘KSI-22-24’ and ‘KSI-25-24’ carry the recessive snn1 allele, providing protection from the toxin Tox1. In addition, the varieties ‘DalGAU 3’ and ‘DalGAU 4’, as well as the lines ‘KSI-6-24’, ‘KSI-22-24’ and ‘KSI-25-24’ have demonstrated moderate resistance (MR) to leaf rust. The variety ‘Amurskaya 1495’ and the line ‘KSI-35-24’ have shown moderate resistance (MR), while the line ‘KSI-26-24’ showed resistance (R) to stem rust. Four varieties ‘DalGAU 1’, ‘DalGAU 2’, ‘Amurskaya 90’, ‘Amurskaya 1495’ and one breeding line ‘KSI-26-24’ have demonstrated a resistant reaction (R) to Pyrenophora tritici-repentis. The varieties ‘DalGAU 3’ and ‘DalGAU 4’, as well as the lines ‘KSI-22-24’ and’ KSI-25-24’ have shown resistance to Bipolaris sorokiniana at the sprouting stage.