The effect of inoculation by the drugs on the basis of the bacteria Mesorhizobium Ciceri on the chickpea productivity in the south of the Rostov region For the zone of insufficient and unstable hydration of the Rostov region, the most promising leguminous crop is chickpea as it possesses high drought resistance, heat resistance, resistance to lodging and diseases. The research was conducted in 2015-2017 to determine the reaction of chickpea on the use of various strains of nodule bacterium Mesorhizobium cicero (producents of the inoculant ‘Risotorfin’). For the processing of chickpea seeds, there was used an inoculant, produced by the All-Russian Research Institute of Agricultural Microbiology (St. Petersburg). The research work was carried out on the fields of the agricultural scientific center ‘Donskoy’ (laboratory of cultivated crops technology), located in the southern soil and climatic zone of the Rostov region. The soil of the experimental plot is ordinary blackearth (chernozem), heavy loamy, calcareous on forestry loams. The object of research was the chickpea variety ‘Volgogradsky 10’, approved to use in the Rostov region. The article presents the study results of the influence of bio drugs on field germination, the preservation of plants for harvesting, the elements of the yield structure, the productivity, the economic and bioenergetic efficiency of chickpea cultivation. The greatest values of such elements of the structure of chickpea yield structure as ‘number of beans per plant’ and ‘number of seeds per plant’, ‘seed weight per plant’ and ‘1000-seed weight’ were obtained when using the biologic drug based on Mesorhizobium ciceri KZ-2013 . In the same version of the experiment, there was a maximum yield increase compared with the control variety and the highest indexes of energetic and economic efficiency of chickpea cultivation.

Chickpea is a promising agricultural crop It’s necessary to introduce high protein crops in the sowings to strengthen food and forage security of Russia and the Altay Area. The main advantage of chickpea as a high protein crop among all leguminous crops is its high drought tolerance. The kernels contain 19-30% protein, 4-7% oil, 48-56% nitrogen-free extractives, zinc, folic acid and on 89-97% digested. Chickpea is one of the oldest cultivated crops, it’s widely spread throughout the world and it’s third among the legumes after soybean and beans. In Russia, its sowings are widely distributed in the Caucasus and the Povolzhie. In the Altai, a wide ecological trials of chickpeas occurred in the 80s of the last century. The crop gave good results in the steppe regions, where it surpassed productivity of the zoned varieties of peas in almost 1.5 times. Since 2017 a new variety of chickpea ‘Kulundinsky 5’ has been introduced into the State List of the Breeding Achievements approved to use in the West-Siberian region (approval 23.01.2017, №9001 from 03.03.2017). The variety has been developed by the FSBSI FARCA using the method of mass selection of one-type lines from heterogeneous population with the participation of the varieties ‘Krasnokutsky 28’, ‘Uzbekistansky 32’ and ‘Maksad’. The variety is Trans-Caucasus carneum, the variety of average-ripening type with 90-100 days of vegetation. The variety shows the similar resistance to lodging, cracking of beans and shedding of seeds as the standard variety. Drought resistance is high. Resistance to diseases and pests is similar to the standard variety ‘Privo 1’. Considering chickpea as a valuable source of vegetable protein, it should improve the set of cultivated crops in the arid regions not only of the Altai Area, but also of the West Siberian region. At the same time, it is obvious that its productivity is not stable through the years. The disadvantages of the crop include a tendency to grow in cool wet years, and its infection with ascochitis and fusariosis.

The assessment of ecological plasticity and stability of winter barley varieties and lines Barley is one of the main grain crops. Selection of winter barley in the Rostov region is conducted in the following areas: high yield, winter resistance, resistance to lodging and diseases, etc. For this purpose, there was an assessment of the ecological plasticity and stability of winter barley varieties and lines. In the study, there were used 14 winter barley varieties developed in the FSBSI ‘ARC ‘Donskoy’. The evaluation was carried out according to the method of S.A. Eberchart, W.A. Rassel (1966) in V.A. Zykin's edition, using the programs for statistical processing Excel and Statistica 10. As a result of the analysis, the varieties ‘Tigr’, ‘Vivat’, ‘Timofey’, ‘Marusya’, ‘Parallellum 1967’ possess ecological plasticity, and the varieties ‘Erema’, ‘Master’ and ‘Pallidum 1952’ are possess responsiveness to the improvement of the conditions of cultivation. The varieties ‘Marusya’ and ‘Parallellum 1962’ proved to be the best among the studied varieties and lines. Their regression lines are at the average level, but the highest average yield in relation to other varieties indicates a stable yield under different growing conditions. In the formation of productivity, the factor "year" played the main role (98.6%). This index is explained by the fact that during the years of research (2015-2017) the productivity of winter barley was strongly influenced by environmental conditions.

The variety of spring soft wheat ‘Khayat’ The varieties with high potential of productivity which meet the qualification requirements of ‘valuable and strong’ wheats play a significant part in the formation of high qualitative grain and in the production of bread from it. For the conditions of Tatarstan, it has been created a variety of spring soft wheat ‘Khayat’ that meets these requirements. The variety was obtained by the method of individual selection from the hybrid combination F₁ (‘Tulaikovskaya 10’ / ‘Kazanskaya Jubileynaya’) / ‘Kazanskaya Jubileynaya’. The trials of this variety in the Tatar RIA in 2011-2016 with different hydrothermal conditions during the vegetation period showed that the productivity of the variety ‘Khayat’ does not significantly differ from the highly productive, standard variety ‘Simbirzit’, but it considerably exceeds its quality. The trials of the variety ‘Khayat’ in ZAO ‘Kurgansemena’ in 2011-2013 showed that its productivity is higher in several times, but the length of vegetation period is the same. The assessment of the technological indexes of kernels and physical properties of dough made in the All-Russian Center of Variety Quality Assessment confirmed high quality of ‘Khayat’ kernels which meet the qualification requirements of ‘valuable and strong’ wheats. Such important indexes of physical properties of dough in the variety ‘Khayat’ as flour strength and valorimetric assessment surpass qualification requirements of ‘valuable and strong’ wheats. The spring wheat ‘Khayat’ is characterized as large kernelled high natural variety. According to the indexes ‘Khayat’ surpasses the standard variety. Protein content in kernels ranges from 12 to 14.9%.

The study of a combinative ability of winter wheat (review) The paper presents a survey of the researches carried out to study the combinational ability of wheat by both domestic and foreign scientists. K.M. Gabdullin revealed that by estimating the combinational ability, it is possible to determine the value of the initial material, which differs in frost resistance, ecological and geographical origin, in the most important economic characteristics and biological properties. S. Boroevich noted that, the studying the combining ability of parental forms involved in hybridization plays a special pole in increasing the effectiveness of wheat selection, since proper selection of the source material gives an opportunity to improve the desirable characteristics and properties in the newly developed varieties. The scientists whose research results are presented in this article selected the sources of high combinational ability and recommended them as an initial material.

The results of barley study in the Altay Selection Center During 26 years (1991-2017) of spring barley breeding in the FSBSI “Federal Altay Research Center of Agrobiotechnologies’ (FSBSI FARCA) eight barley varieties of different economical use ‘Signal’, ‘Vorsinsky’, ‘Vorsinsky 2’ (brewery use), ‘Zolotnik’, ‘Kolchan’, ‘Zadel’, ‘Salair’, ‘Aley’ (grain-forage use) were developed and introduced into the State List. The varieties ‘Aley’, ‘Vorsinsky 2’, ‘Zolotnik’, ‘Salair’, ‘Signal’ were introduced in the list of valuable qualitative varieties as they are suitable for food. Due to the introduction of the local, more adaptive varieties with high qualitative grain selected by the FSBSI FANCA the barley area in the Altay increased from 114.000 ha (2001) to 363.000 ha (2014), that is of 12% of all grain crops cultivated in the region. The variety of natural and climatic conditions and the increasing demand for production poses the task of creating new, more productive varieties resistant to the most common biotic and abiotic stresses. During 5 years, more than 220 breeding lines of barley of various origins were studied in the plots of the competitive test grown fallow or after crops. The standard variety was the variety of the Altay breeding ‘Signal’, the control varieties were local varieties ‘Zolotnik’, ‘Zadel’, ‘Vorsinsky’, ‘Vorsinsky 2’, ‘Salair’, ‘Alei’, ‘Kolchan’, as well as the variety ‘Kedrovich’, developed with the FSBSI “Siberian Federal Research Center of the Agrobiotechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences” and the variety ‘Annabel’ of German breeding. There were obtained some promising numbers, surpassing the standard varieties in productivity, grain quality and other economically useful traits. A short characteristic is given to the best selection lines: L-236/10 (‘Vorsinsky 2’בPartner’); L-121/11 (‘G-20419’בOmsky 90’); L-177/11 (‘Zhodinsky 5’בOmsky 95’); L-209/11 (‘Vodka’בVorsinsky 2’); L-131/13 (‘Vodka’בZhodinsky 5’); L-152/13 {[‘Signal’×(‘Dina’בBagan’)]×G-18218}בOmsky 95’.

The assessment of drought tolerance of winter soft wheat samples by a direct and an indirect method The article presents the results of assessment of drought tolerance of winter soft wheat samples under stress conditions ‘zasushnik’, as well as the results of study of wheat drought resistance according to the degree of seed germination on osmotic solutions. As a result of the studies, there were identified the samples with the highest degree of resistance to drought. According to drought resistance, the most significant values were found in the samples ‘Asket’ (79.3%), ‘1377/06’ (78.7%), ‘Kazachka’ (77.6%), ‘Krasa Dona’ (75.3%), ‘Shef’ (73.5% %), ‘Bonus’ (73.2%), ‘1232/13’ (73.2%), ‘352/11’ (71.6%), ‘Luchezar’ (71.3%), ‘1237/13’ (70.4%). The highest values of the index of complex stability were established in the samples ‘1377/06’ (255.4 per-unit), ‘Asket’ (253.4 per-unit) ‘Kazachka’ (252.1 per-unit), ‘1232/13’ (245.4 per-unit), ‘Shef’ (245,0 per-unit), ‘Krasa Dona’ (244,3 per-unit), ‘Bonus’ (236,9 per-unit), ‘Luchezar’ (236.2 per-unit), ‘352/11’ (240.0 per-unit). One of the indirect methods is the method of determining the level of resistance to complex drought; the samples ‘Asket’ (43%), ‘1237/13’ (40%), ‘Krasa Dona’ (33.0%), ‘260/09’ (31.0%), ‘Kazachka’ (31.0%), ‘1377/06’ (31.0%) showed the highest degree of resistance. In the conditions of model drought in comparison with the optimal conditions, all the studied samples showed a decrease of the trait ‘1000-kernel weight’. One of the reactions to lack of moisture is the reduction of productive stems from 1 m². The reduction of productive stems in the experiment in relation to the control variety ranged from 4 to 45%. The kernel weight per main head decreased from 36 to 65% was observed in all studied samples. The varieties ‘Asket’ (226.2 g), ‘Krasa Dona’ (191.8) and ‘Lydia’ (190.4 g) produced high grain yields in strongly arid conditions.

Harvesting index and ratio of grain and non-grain part of a head of spring durum wheat varieties in the West Siberia The varieties of spring durum wheat ‘Omskaya yantarnaya’, ‘Omsky korund’, ‘Zhemchuzhina Sibiri’, ‘Omsky izumrud’, ‘Omskaya stepnaya’, ‘Omsky tsirkon’ were studied in the conditions of the years 2013-2015. There was established a harvesting index, a share of non-grain part of a head (awnings, spikelets and floral scales, a spike stem) and their ratio with grain part. The harvesting index (taking into consideration lateral shoots varied from 30.8% (‘Omsky tsirkon’) to 39.9% (‘Omsky izumrud’). The main part of a head belongs to grain amount (71.6%-77.5%). Non-grain part (capes) is of 22.5-28.4%. The most part of non-grain mass belongs to scales (‘Omsky tsirkon’ with 12.9% and ‘Zhemchuzhina Sibiri’ with 15.7%). The average value of the share of awns in all varieties does not exceed 9.3%, with fluctuations of 6.9% (‘Omsky tsirkon’) to 10.3% (‘Omskaya stepnaya’). The share of a spike stem is small (2.6-3.1%). In the structure of the main sprout of durum wheat varieties, the proportion of awns is of 2.8-5.0%, the proportion of a spike stem is of 1.1-1.7%, the proportion of scales is of 5.1-7.8%. Non-grain elements of a spike are about 12.3% on average, with fluctuations from 9.0% (‘Omsky tsirkon’) to 14.1% (‘Zhemchuzhina Sibiri’). The share of grain amount of the whole sprout is of 47.8% in ‘Omsky izumrud’ and 38.7% in ‘Omsky tsirkon’. The ratio of a share of a spike to a straw of the main sprout is as follows: ‘Omsky izumrud’ 1.59/1.0; ‘Zhemchuzhina Sibiri’ 1.35/1.0; ‘Omskaya stepnaya’ and ‘Omskaya yantarnaya’ 1.24/1.0; ‘Omsky tsirkon’ 0.91/1.0 and ‘Omsky korund’ 1.11/1.0.

The results of winter wheat breeding on grain quality in the Tatar RIA The article considers the study results of the technological and baking properties of the regional and promising varieties of winter soft wheat by the Tatar RIA. In 2011, 2013, 2016 there was a deficit of precipitations during the period of ripening. In 2012, 2014 there was an average amount of precipitations, in 2015 it exceeded the norm in 2.6 times. On average protein content in grain ranged from 13.3 to 14.1%. The index varied from 11.2 to 13.9% depending on the year. The variety ‘Nadezhda’ showed a slight variability of the trait ‘mass share of protein’ (9.1%). The coefficient of variability of the trait ‘mass share of gluten’ was 15.4% on average. The coefficient of variability of the trait ‘index of gluten deformation’ ranged from 13.2% to 21.2%. There was established a significant effect of environmental conditions on the formation of the traits ‘dough time’, ‘dough stability’ and ‘dough dilution’. Average phenotypic variability was obtained in the traits ‘valorimetric assessment’ and ‘flour strength’. The varieties ‘Universiada’ (5.7 %) and ‘Kazanskaya 560’ (8.8 %) showed a slight variability of the trait ‘flour strength’.All varieties had a slight variability of the trait ‘general baking assessment’ (from 4.1 to 9.9%). According to this index the varieties ‘Kazanskaya 285’, ‘Nadezhda’ and ‘Darina’ can be classified as strong wheat, the varieties ‘Kazanskaya 560’, ‘Universiada’ and ‘Sultan’ can be classified as valuable wheat with qualitative grain. The year conditions had a significant effect on such indexes of grain quality as mass share of protein and gluten in grain, dough dilution, valorimetric assessment, index of gluten deformation and volume yield of bread. Such indexes as ‘mass share of gluten in grain’ and ‘valorimetric assessment’ had significant genetic dependence that allows using them for selection on the improvement of grain quality in different climatic conditions.

The trends to improve representativeness of the assessments in the State Variety testing, productivity, ecological plasticity and homeostatic character of pea varieties The purpose of the study is a comprehensive assessment of pea varieties on yield and adaptability parameters in the conditions of the forest-steppe zone of the Northern Trans-Urals. The object of the study is eight pea varieties of a leafless non-shattering morphotype (af, def), including seven morphotypes approved for use, which were tested in 2014-2016 at three different plots in the Tyumen region, located in the northern forest-steppe region. The variability of productivity and realization of its potential were determined by the technologies of B.A. Dospekhov and E.D. Nettevich, and the indexes of environment and ecological plasticity of the varieties by the methodologies of S.A. Eberhart and W.A. Russell. Stress resistance of the varieties was assessed by the quotations of A.A. Rossielle, J.Hemblin with A.A. Goncharenko comments, and their homeostatic character by the methodology of V.V. Khangildin. Genotypic effect of the varieties was evaluated by the recommendations on ecological variety testing of grain crops. The variety ‘Yamal’ (2.43 t/ha) showed the largest average productivity in nine different weather conditions (3 yearsX3GSU), the variety ‘Batrak’ (2.15 t/ha) showed the smallest results. The varieties ‘Omsky 9’ (53.9%) and ‘Salamanka’ (51.6%) produced its largest value on average in 2014-2016. The studied varieties were characterized with a significant changeability of productivity and low stress resistance. The varieties ‘Omsky 9’ and ‘Salamanka’ were characterized with the smallest changeability of productivity and the largest stress resistance. The varieties ‘Omsky 9’ (b_i = 1,86), ‘Kumir’ (b_i = 1,60) and ‘Agrointel’ (b_i = 1,14) belong to the intensive varieties with the largest response to weather change. The rest of the varieties are characterized as plastic: their productivity variability correspond to variability of growing conditions. The varieties possess a low homeostatic character. The varieties ‘Omsky 9’ (Hom=2.39) and ‘Salamanka’ (Hom=1.49) possess the best homeostatic character. The varieties ‘Yamal’ ((E_i..=0.09) and ‘Salamanka’ (E_i..=0.08) showed the largest value of genotypic effect. The variety ‘Salamanka’ is considered the best variety for the north forest-steppe part of the Tyumen region due to the complex assessment of productivity and parameters of adaptability.

Don wheat: productivity and grain quality, competitiveness and varietal diversity In the structure of grain crops, winter wheat occupies 74% of the area, and yields about 80% of gross amount. Therefore, wheat grain on the Don area, its productivity and quality is the most important source of income of its producers. The main sowing areas in the south of Russia are occupied by new varieties of such three research institutes as ARC ‘Donskoy’, ‘RCG named after P.P. Lukyanenko’ and DGRIA with the leading varieties ‘Ermak’, ‘Grom’, ‘Gubernator Dona’. Many modern winter wheat varieties are sown in the inter-station variety testing in the department for winter wheat selection and seed-growing of the ARC ‘Donskoy’, which makes it possible to compare them both in grain quality and productivity and to reveal their differences and features. The analysis of the allelic composition of prolamins showed that among the Krasnodar varieties there are a lot of alleles (78%) that negatively affect on the quality of flour (Gli 1B3, 1B2) and there are very few alleles with high frost resistance (Gli 1D4, 1D7 - 30%). At the same time, the varieties of Don selection have a visa versa effect. These alleles give an advantage in frost resistance, but lead to productivity decrease.

The effect of fraction composition and protectants on sowing characteristics of spring barley seeds The use of optimal seed fractions for sowing is an important agrotechnical technique for increasing the yield of spring barley. At present, investigations are under way to study the different grain sizes of spring barley seeds for sowing. The article presents the results of studies conducted in 2016-2017, to determine the effect of various disinfectants on the sowing characteristics of spring barley seeds, depending on the fractional composition. In laboratory tests, it was found that the treatment of barley seeds with various preservatives, depending on the fractional composition, influenced the planting qualities and stimulated growth processes. Thus, in the fractions isolated on sieves with aperture diameter (2.4 * 20mm and 2.6 * 20) using Lamador, KS and Ranazol Ultra, KC, the highest germination energy (from 84 to 89%) and laboratory germination (from 95 up to 97%). For most values of the intensity of growth of shoots, the optimal variants of the experiment were established on fractions 2,4 * 20 and 2,6 * 20 when treated with Ranazol Ultra, CS. On the control (without treatment), the maximum length of the germ on the fractions (2.0 * 20 and 2.2 * 20) was also noted and was 12.5 and 14.0 cm. The length of the sprout in the fraction (2.2 * 20) in the control and seed treatment with Ranazol Ultra, KS was almost identical. The highest yield was obtained with the use of the average fraction of seeds (2,4 * 20), with preplant seed treatment with Ranazol Ultra, KS - 10.2 t / ha; the smallest when treated with Vitovax 200 FF, VSC (8.6 t / ha). The data obtained make it possible to recommend the use of seeds with a fraction composition of 2,4 * 20 in combination with presowing treatment with Ranazol Ultra disinfectant, KS to obtain better seed and high yield of spring barley.

Moisture dynamics of the cultivated soil layer while soybean cultivation The article considers the possibilities of agro technical measures to influence on the dynamics of soil moisture. The article presents the study results of the moisture determination in various soil layers in conditions of insufficient and unstable moistening of the south of Russia. The trials were made in the experimental plots of the NCRIMEA (the structural department of the FSBSI ‘ARC ‘Donskoy’, Zernograd of the Rostov region) in the conditions of long-term stationary experiment when cultivating soybean by various technologies (traditional, zero). The moisture content of the soil was taken into account at a depth of 30 and 60 cm using humidity sensors. The measured relative humidity values ranges from 0 to 100%, the accuracy of measurements is ± 3% at a temperature of 25⁰C for a range of 10-90%, beyond this range, the measurement accuracy is ± 5%. To accumulate data, the registration device (a meteostation) ‘Watch Dog 1400 Micro’ was used. The aim of the research was to determine and compare the influence of soil treatment methods on the moisture index in the soil at various levels. The conducted studies established that soil treatment methods had an effect on soil moisture. The average moisture content of the soil on the untreated background is on 23% lower compared to the moisture content of the soil treated by traditional technology. Soil as a dynamic system converts the input signal (the relative humidity of the surrounding air) so that it decreases in magnitude and in the rate of change (dynamism). These features of the soil are determined both by the methods of treatment and by its composition, since the different structure of the soil and its components that determine this structure have different moisture conductivity, moisture capacity, and moisture retention capacity.

Economic and bioenergetics efficiency of the use of bio drugs when cultivating peas The field trials were conducted in the southern zone of the Rostov region in 2014-2016 with the non-leafy morphotype of the pea variety ‘Angela’ to identify the best drugs used for its cultivation. In the experiments we used such preparations as ‘Rizotorfin’, ‘Ekstrasol’, ‘Vigor Forte’, ‘Mival Agro’ and ‘Flavobacterin’. They were twice used in the treatment of seeds before sowing and in the period of plant cultivation during the phase of 3-5 leaves. The trials showed that all studied bio preparations had a positive effect on pea yield increase. In this case, the double application of ‘Mival Agro’ (20 g/t) in the treatment of seeds before sowing and in the period of plant cultivation (20 g/ha) turned to be the most effective. In this case the maximum yield of seeds was 3.47 t/ha, the highest net income was 17908 rubles/ha, the lowest production cost was 4839 rubles/t with the rate of profitability of 107%. In the same version of the experiment, the largest obtained energy income was 40739 MJ/ha and the coefficient of energy efficiency (CEE) was 3.0.

The effect of various systems of tillage on microbiological processes in the rhizosphere of soybean The article gives the three-year study results of the formation and functioning of microbic associations in the rhizosphere of soybean under effect of various systems of tillage, i.e. plowing on the depth of 22-24 cm, surface plowing (6-8 cm), disk tillage and non-till technology. It has been shown that the period of plant development and the system of tillage influenced on the formation of soil macrobiocenosis in the rhizosphere. It has been determined that the number of aminotrophic microorganisms in the period of plant tilling combined with surface plowing and plowing was 39.1-56.3х105 of colony formatting units per gram of absolutely dry soil (CFU/g of a.d.s.) that was in 1.1-1.2 times higher compared with dist plowing and No-till. During the period of flowering there was an increase of nitrogen fixating microorganisms in all variants of tillage. Large number of cellulose-destroying microorganisms was seen in all periods of plant development that testified cellulose-destroying activity. On average in the years of 2012-2014 the level of catalase activity increased to 14.5 ± 1.8 ml O₂/min under the influence of plowing to a depth of 22-24 cm in the period of plant maturation, which is on 36.6% higher compared with the period of plant flowering. The soybean productivity under the influence of plowing, disking and surface plowing was 3.27; 3.27 and 3.22 t/ha, which is on 12.1-13.5% more in comparison with No-till technology.

Leaf blotch is the most harmful diseases of wheat on the territory of the Central-Blackearth region which result in great harvest losses. Septoria leaf blotch is the most widely spread among all. Epiphytoty caused by Septoria leaf blotch which leads to great losses of harvest (more than 20%) is possible four times every 10 years on the territory of the Central-Blackearth region. Natural populations of Septoria and Stagonospora are heterogeneous due to morpho-cultural and virulent properties. The object of the study was the infected material of pathogens, obtained from the sowings of regional wheat varieties in various agroclimatic parts of the CBeR. The obtained data are necessary to develop a substantiated breeding program for septoria resistant varieties. The complex of septoria pathogens is represented by three types of septoria fungi in the region; they are Septoria tritici Rob et. Desm., Stagonospora avenae f. Sp. Triticea Jhons., Stagonospora nodorum [Berk] Castellani & E. G. Germano. The species Septoria tritici Rob et. Desm. was taken as the most widely spread pathogen of wheat leaf blotch to study intravarietal variability. To study intravarietal variability of pathogen according to morpho-cultural traits there was carried out an analysis of isolates in three main criteria: appearance and structure of the colonies, speed of colonies growth in the nutrient surrounding, intensity of fungi sporulation. In studying the biological properties of the population, the special attention was paid to the role of the variety-host in the formative process. There was a dependence of the morphotype of the pathogen colonies on the ploidy of the variety-host. The frequency of occurrence of S. tritici colonies types selected in the varieties of soft and durum wheat was different. There was no influence of variety-host ploidy on the speed of growth of morphological types of isolate colonies S. tritici. Average growing colonies dominated in the population. On the basis of the obtained data we decided that a way of life of the variety-host (spring and winter wheat) had no significant effect on the formation of high sporulated isolates.

One of the main directions in winter durum wheat selection is to breed varieties resistant to the widely spread diseases in the Rostov Region. The development of our own initial material, its study in conditions of artificial infection, selection of resistant and tolerant samples for further introduction into the selection process is of great importance for the solution of this problem. The purpose of the research is to study varieties and lines of winter durum wheat on their resistance to leaf diseases under an artificial infection on the specially created infectious plots. The article gives the results of the immunological assessment of 114 varieties and lines of winter durum wheat to pathogens of brown, yellow, stem rust, powdery mildew, septoriosis (infectious field background) and pyrenephorosis (natural background). It was determined that the majority of varieties and breeding lines were resistant or slightly susceptible to the diseases: 74.3% to brown rust, 84.3% to yellow rust and 77.1% to powdery mildew. Winter durum wheat turned to be more susceptible to stem rust, septoriosis and pyrenephorosis. Only 15.8%, 38.7% and 28.1% of the samples were characterized with high resistance and tolerance to septoriosis, stem rust and pyrenephorosis respectively. The varieties and lines ‘Amazonka’, ‘Agat donskoy’, ‘Oniks’, ‘Lazurit’, ‘Teya’, ‘Irena’, ‘Yakhont’, ‘Yubilyarka’, ‘840/11’ and ‘993/12’ have been found tolerant to each pathogen and possess a group resistance to three-four kinds of diseases. Their characteristics on yield and other economically valuable characteristics and properties have been given. All of them are recommended as sources of sustainability for use in breeding programs.