The initial material and the achievements in winter durum wheat breeding in a content of carotenoids in the grain of FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy” The carotenoids of winter durum wheat are of great importance for their consumption; they color flour and grain products (pasta, spaghetti, cereals, semolina, couscous, ravioli, etc.) in yellow. Besides, they are a source of vitamin A. The content of carotenoids in grain depends on both hereditary (genetic) and non-hereditary (phenotypic) factors. Out work deals with the characteristics of commercial, promising and breeding variety samples of winter durum wheat selected by the FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy” compared with the varieties selected in other regions. The material for research was the grain (oilcake) of the varieties cultivated in interstation (IsVt) and competitive (CVt-1) variety testings in 2014-2016. Protein and gluten content in grain has been measured by SpectraStar-2200, carotenoids have been determined by the Sozinov and Zhukova’s method (1967) with additions and changes by the biochemical laboratory. The study showed that the variety “Donchanka” possessed the highest index of carotenoids with variability of 68Mg%. The promising and breeding samples are similar to or slightly inferior to standard. At the same time the local variety “Novinka 5” and the varieties “Winter Gold” and “Karavella” of other regions significantly surpass the standard variety in carotenoids. Importantly, the large content of carotenoids in grain doesn’t reduce protein and gluten content in grain; they have an effect only on the grade of purchased marketable grain.

The peculiarities of sorghum seed-growing in the Rostov region To obtain high-qualitative seeds it’s necessary to improve seed-growing and to follow all recommendations concerning cultivation technology, harvesting, after-harvesting seed processing and their storage. Thus, the study of the peculiarities of sorghum seed-growing is of great importance today. The system of sorghum seed-growing includes following stages: to develop varieties and hybrids; to grow basic seeds, sterile lines, fixers of sterility, restorers of fertility, hybrids; to supply farms with basic seeds for further reproduction and sale. The seeding work with the sorghum varieties registered in the State List of breeding achievements of RF is carried out in three-staged scheme: farm of selection, seeding farm (pre-basic seeds) and basic seeds. Maintenance of high varietal purity is carried out using mass, individual-family and negative selection. At present 16 varieties and hybrids developed by the FSBSI “Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” are introduced into the State List of breeding achievements of RF in the Rostov region. The varieties of Sudan grass “Aleksandrina” and “Anastasiya”, the varieties of sweet sorghum “Debyut” and “Listvenit”, the varieties of grain sorghum “Zernogradskoe 88”, “Velikan”, “Orlovskoe”, “Luchistoe”, “Khazine 28” are of wide use in the agriculture.

The use of the indexes of relative and absolute content of protein in winter wheat grain selected on quality Winter wheat is the main food crop, which occupies a significant proportion in the structure of the grain area of Russia. The crop uses bioclimatic potential of the regions of cultivation better than spring wheat and supplies stable grain production. Winter wheat on Don supplies up to 50% of gross grain, and sometimes up to 70%. The article presents the study results of the accumulation of relative and absolute protein content in grain depending upon 1000-kernel weight on average during the years of 2014-2016. The obtained data indicate that absolute protein content in grain does not depend on the productivity. This index is really stable. Such indexes as 1000-kernel weight, relative protein content in grain, gross yield of protein per hectare, winter wheat productivity are significantly changeable. Protein content in grain is slightly affected by weather conditions. There is an inverse relation between 1000-absolutely dry kernel weight and relative protein content in grain. The more 1000-absolutely dry kernel weight is, the less protein content in grain is and vice versa. But there are significant differences of the trait among the varieties. The varieties “Rostovchanka 5” and “Rostovchanka 7” with less 1000-kernel weight than the varieties “Tanais”, “Aksiniya” and “Nakhodka”, have formed less protein content through all the years. The varieties “Tanais”, “Aksiniya” and “Nakhodka” with 1000-kernel weight of 41.1-43.7 g produced the largest amount of protein (14.7%, 14.4% and 14.2% respectively).

The analysis of structural elements of productivity and other quantitative characteristics of rice samples To develop highly productive varieties it’s essential to select middle-high plants that are able to produce thick stand with a slight decrease of weight and number of kernels per panicle. Therefore it’s necessary to be aware of the optimal values of quantitative characteristics of rice samples which facilitate the formation of maximum productivity of the best genotypes in the definite soil-climatic conditions. The article presents the results of the analysis of productivity of rice samples approved to competitive variety-testing in 2016-2017 in plant height, number of spikelets and kernels per panicle, 1000-kernel weight, number of productive stems. It has been determined that in 2016 rice productivity ranged from 5.89 to 9.43 t/ha (in average 8.35); in 2017 it ranged from 6.13 to 9.44 t/ha (in average 7.73). The standard variety “Uzhanin” produced 8.48 t/ha in 2016 and 7.23 t/ha in 2017. The conducted correlation analysis of 64 rice samples allowed establishing correlation of structure elements with productivity. The samples with such characteristics as 95-100 sm of plants, 90-96 days of the period “sprouts-flowering”, 360-380 productive stems per 1 m², 100-115 and 130-135 kernels per panicle and 28-30g of 1000-kernels weight showed their maximum productivity in 2016. In 2017 the most productive samples were the plants of 95-100 sm, 95-97 days of the period “sprouts-flowering”, 360-400 productive stems per 1 m², 95-110 and 125-130 kernels per panicle and 28g of 1000-kernels weight.

Breeding of white-grain varieties of grain sorghum The sorghum breeding has obtained a food trend. Therefore, beside the problems of selection of highly productive and early-maturing varieties, the improvement of sorghum quality is of great importance in selection nowadays. The purpose of the work is to evaluate white-grain varieties of sorghum selected by the FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy” through their principle indexes of quality. The study has been carried out on the base of FSBSI “Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” in 2015-2017. The white-grain varieties “Khazine 28”, “Velikan” and “Zernogradskoe 88” approved to use have been used as the objects of research. The samples with dark-colored grain possess lower indexes of starch than the varieties with light-colored grain (r = -0.36 ± 0.08). It’s better to use the grain sorghum varieties with light-colored grain for the production of food starch, and this puts the corresponding tasks before breeding process. The studied varieties have large (74.5%) and very large (75.5-75.6%) starch content in grain. The yield of starch in them is 63.6-65.9%. Sorghum grain can be used as alternative raw instead of maize grain to obtain starch and starch products. The tannin content in sorghum grain has got a positive correlation with grain color (r = 0.80 ± 0.05). The white-grain varieties of grain sorghum “Khazine 28”, “Velikan” and “Zernogradskoe 88” possess a small content of tannin (0.2-0.8%) and an average content of protein (11.6-12.4%). There has been developed a new white-grain, early-maturing and highly productive variety of grain sorghum “Ataman” with 78.5% of starch in grain and 66.7% of starch yield.

The promising variety of alfalfa ( Medicago polymorpha) “Golubka” The article considers the study of a new alfalfa variety “Golubka” and gives its morpho-biological description. Today, the variety is the main source for the production of saturated feed energy, the carrier of certain economically valuable traits. For each region it’s necessary to have the varieties that are able to realize soil-climatic conditions of the area and possess resistance to different stress factors. Taking into consideration this fact and the variability of soil-climatic conditions of the Rostov region, the work is directed on developing of the varieties, capable to use bioclimatic resources of the region more efficiently. The main direction of selection fulfilled by the laboratory of perennial grasses is to develop the varieties for hay and pasture use with good productivity of forage mass, seeds, resistance to principle diseases and unfavourable environmental factors. The study was carried out by the method of developing of hybrid populations on the basis of biotypes, obtained by multiple selections due to forage and seed productivity. The alfalfa variety “Golubka” produced 31.0 t/ha of green chop, 9.3 t/ha of dry matter and 0.22 t/ha of seed productivity. The alfalfa variety “Golubka” exceeded the standard variety “Rostovskaya 90” in green mass productivity on 7.6%, in dry matter yield on 6.9%, in seed productivity on 11%. The green mass contains 21.0-21.8% of raw protein and 30-32% of fiber. The new alfalfa variety “Golubka” has a greater yield of fodder units (on 7.6%) and raw protein (on 9.0%) per 1 hectare. One kg of dry matter of the variety “Golubka” contains a larger amount of changeable energy (10.4 MJ/kg) and digestible protein (153 g/kg), its fodder unit is better supplied with digestible protein (187 g/f.u.).

The study of the varieties and lines of winter durum wheat in competitive variety-testing The article presents the study results of 15 varieties and lines of winter durum wheat in the competitive variety-testing of 2016-2017 in the main economic-valuable properties and traits. All studied samples belong to low-height forms (81-90 sm). The standard variety “Donchanka” has 3.9 points in resistance to lodging. The varieties “Yubilyarka”, “Agat Donskoy”, “Teya”, “Yakhont” and the lines “993/12”, “840/11”, “840/12” have more than 4.5 points of resistance. On average the assessment of plant wintering ranges from 3.7 to 4.5 points. The varieties “Amazonka”, “Kristella”, “Oniks”, “Diona” and the line “840/12” have the maximum mark of 4.5 points. Frost tolerance of the variety “Donchanka” has been taken as 100%. The following varieties could preserve on 2.9-24.4% more alive plants during wintering than the standard variety: “Amazonka” (+24.4%), “Oniks” (+18.4%), “Diona” (+16.8%), “Lazurit” (+9.5%), “Teya” (+5.9%), “Yantarina” (+4.8%), “Agat Donskoy” (+2.9%). The lowest frost resistance has been shown by the lines “840/11” (83.2%), “840/12” (52.5%) and “993/12” (79.9%). On average the productivity ranged from 7.40 to 8.89 t/ha during the years of study. The productivity of the lines “840/12” (8.42 т/га), “993/12” (8.74 т/га), the varieties “Kristella” (8.62 т/га), “Lazurit” (8.76 т/га), “Yantarina” (8.89 т/га) had more than one ton of increase. All studied varieties and lines have high indexes of nature weight, vitreousness and protein content in grain. There have been determined positive correlations of productivity with plant height and nature weight of winter durum wheat grain (correlation coefficient of 0.65 and 0.59 respectively).

Grain loss during winter wheat harvesting (review) Harvesting is an important stage of grain production. It’s necessary to harvest grain crops with a minimum loss and better quality, with a minimum technical and after-harvesting energy costs. Biological direct losses include grain fall from heads, or even the breaking off of the heads, the germination of grain on the root or in the rolls, and finally decrease of the yield from various pests during the harvesting period. The source of biological losses of grain is the harvesting period, including the beginning and duration of harvesting. Mechanical direct losses are losses by roller cutters and pick-ups during a separate harvesting of wheat and losses caused by harvesters (at direct combining). Mechanical losses are the result of grain fall from the head, breaking off the head, leaving non-harvested heads on the field. Winds and rains accelerate the grain fall from the head and sprouting it on the root. Classification of the causes of losses and mechanical damage of grain during combine harvesting show, that all factors are connected with each other. Biological and mechanical direct losses can be equal; one kind of loss can prevail. The grain fall of a variety is a genetically determined complex feature, which depends on the abiotic factors of the environment. That is, the fall of grain directly depends on the weather conditions and varietal characteristics of the head. The grain fall depends on external conditions (air dryness, humidity, etc.) and does not always characterize the resistance of the variety to shedding. This all makes essential to study the dynamics of the formation of traits of resistance to grain fall in varieties of winter soft wheat of different maturing groups and species.

Free proline in leaves as an indicator of the determination of winter wheat frost resistance The article considers the results of the determination of frost resistance of winter wheat, grown in the sowing boxes. The amount of plants survived in such conditions (the temperature of freezing was -20 °С) ranged from 20.5 to 83.5% through three years. The standard variety “Tarasovskaya 29” had 55.3% of live plants. The varieties “Polina” (72.3%), “Volnitsa” (76%), “Donskaya bezostaya” (78.1%), “Asket” (78.1%). “Volny Don” (78.3%) and “Don 107” (83.8%) showed high indexes of frost resistance (НСР₀₅ ± 14.1%). The varieties “Kaprizulya” (37.0%), “Tanya” (38.0%), “Lilit” (38.4%) and “260/09” (20.5%) had low indexes of frost resistance in such conditions. There have been also given the results of the use of an indirect method - a determination of free proline concentration. The content of amino acid in winter wheat leaves during the period from autumn to spring has been determined. More frost tolerant varieties had a larger content of free proline. The content of proline in winter wheat leaves can tell about a level of frost resistance of this or that variety, comparing it with a variety-classifier with a known frost resistance. A close connection of these traits proves this. Thus, the determination of free proline content can become an express method for the determination of the level of winter soft wheat frost resistance. It will allow getting rid of less frost tolerant material during the early stages of the breeding process.

Identification of yellow rust resistance gene Yr 24 in the collection material of winter soft wheat The yellow rust caused by the fungus Puccinia striiformis is one of three types of rust that affects wheat all over the world. During some years the yield loss caused by the fungus could become up to 5.5 million tons per year of the worldwide wheat yield. The use of the sources with efficient yellow rust resistance genes as initial material for breeding on tolerance to the disease is of great importance nowadays. The article presents the study results of 737 samples of the collection material of winter soft wheat with an identified yellow rust resistance gene Yr 24 that is efficient on the territory of the Southern Federal Area. The study has been carried out by the staff of the laboratory for molecular identification of the Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy”. The percent of winter soft wheat infected with the fungus on the experimental fields of the laboratory of plant immunity and protection has been taken as a criterion of the assessment of the laboratory analysis. As a result we have identified 272 samples with a marker of an efficient yellow rust resistance gene Yr 24. We have found 28 samples with this gene, which possess a low level of infection (0-5%) in the conditions of artificial infection and thus can be recommended as the sources of the gene Yr 24 for the breeding programs directed on “resistance to diseases”.

The study of winter barley varieties of different ecological and geographical origins on the main economic-valuable traits and properties Barley is a grain crop of multiple uses; its grain can be used for various purposes. Barley productivity greatly varies on different areas of cultivation, that’s why we carry out ecological variety testing to reveal reactions of the varieties on different soil-climatic conditions. It allows selecting cultivars adapted to definite soil-climatic conditions. The purpose of the researches is to study main economic-valuable traits and properties of winter barley varieties in the conditions of the southern part of the Rostov region. The experiments have been conducted in the fields of experimental crop rotation of the department of barley breeding and seed-growing of the FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy” in 2014-2016. The objects of the study were 25 cultivars of winter barley of different ecological and geographical origins. As a result we have selected the varieties with various economic-valuable traits and properties. The varieties “Polet”, “Zhiguli”, “Erema”, “Timofey”, “Artel”, “Samson”, “Platon”, “Gordey”, “Romans”, “Andryusha”, “Espada” (Russia), “Khobbit”, “Vutan”, “Galation” (Switzerland) possess a complex resistance to leaf diseases. The varieties “Erema”, “Timofey”, “Vivat”, “Gordey”, “Romans” (Russia), “Vutan”, “Galation” (Switzerland) are the most productive and resistant to lodging.

The features of formation of grain crops seed market The article considers the peculiarities of the seed market. The special attention is focused on the fact that seeds, as a commodity, have a market value and a consumer demand, and the seed market is a link between sellers and buyers. The seed market is also considered as a market of varieties. It is noted that a varietal politics has greatly changed at present and the amount of varieties has increased. Seed market is formed due to geographical division of the market on different geographical segments. Segmentation due to geographical criteria means regional location of the farms and climatic conditions. Seed market is differentiated according to groups of consumers, which can require different kinds of seeds and their reproductions, and it is formed due to life cycle of seeds. The seeds of new varieties should be considered as innovative product, where innovative agricultural producers play the greatest part in the formation of market of new varieties seeds.

The study of genetic potential of pea variety samples of various morphotypes in the Rostov region The result of the breeding work largely depends on proper selection of the initial material: the more diverse and richer it is, the faster it is possible to reach the goals. One of the methods to obtain initial material in plant-breeding is hybridization. The selection of the parental forms for hybridization starts with the study of variety samples of various ecological and geographical origins, their genetic potential. The article presents material on the study of 152 collection peas samples of various eco-geographical origins with leafy of mustachioed and leafy morphotypes. The selection samples have been valued on the following traits: duration of vegetation period, the periods “sprouting-flowering” and “flowering-ripening”, plant height, leaf type, number of nodes per plant, number of beans per plant, number of productive beans per plant, number of seeds per bean, number of seeds per plant, seed weight per plant, 1000-seed weight, seed productivity and protein content in beans. As a result there have been selected 50 variety samples possessing a complex of economic-valuable traits. These variety samples have been suggested for future use in the breeding work as parental forms with positive economic-valuable traits.

Grain quality and drought tolerance of the winter soft wheat varieties The article considers the study of the traits of winter soft wheat (mass share of protein and gluten) and the level of drought tolerance of these samples under natural conditions. During the years of study the trait “mass share of protein” ranged from 12.8% (the variety “Kipchak”) to 16.3% (the line “1062/09”). The genotypes of the lines “1026/09” (15.0%), “1401/09” (14.9%), “1127/09” (14.8%), the varieties “Nakhodka” (14.8%), “Aksiniya” (14.7%), “Shef” (14.7%) and “Etyud” (14.7%) have been selected due to their maximum average mass share of protein. These samples can be used as the sources of large mass share of protein in the breeding programs. The mass share of gluten in grain of the studied varieties ranged from 23.0% (the variety “Ermak”) to 28.4% (the variety “Nakhodka”). The varieties “Nakhodka” (CV = 1.6%; 28.4%) and “Shef” (CV = 2.0%; 28.0%) have been selected due to the combination of a low coefficient of variation and large mass share of gluten in grain. On average all studied samples had high level of heat tolerance (I^st group), the trait varied from 74.3% (the variety “Kazachka”) to 98.4% (the variety “Etyud”). The varieties “Nakhodka” (72.2%) and “Shef” (79.7%) have shown high indexes of drought tolerance and large content of gluten in grain (28.4% and 28% respectively). The study of correlation between mass share of protein and gluten have revealed an average positive correlation (r = 0.67 ± 0.20). The average feedback of protein content and drought tolerance was (r = -0.51 ± 0.23). There is an average direct correlation between heat tolerance and mass share of protein (r = 0.63 ± 0.20) and an average correlation with mass share of gluten in grain (r = 0.57 ± 0.22). The varieties “Nakhodka” and “Shef”, having high level of drought tolerance and mass share of protein and gluten in grain, can be recommended for introducing them into the breeding programs on drought tolerance and grain quality.

The productivity of Sudan grass samples of various geographical origin The experiments have been carried out in the FSBSI “Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” (Rostov region) in 2016-2017. 160 varieties and lines, developed by the FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy”, the FRC “ARIGC after N. I. Vavilov” and other research institutions have been used as the objects of study. The samples received from China and Azerbaijan with the median of 1700-1850 g/m² turned to be the most productive. The samples “К-187” (3952 g/m²), “К-62” (4020 g/m²), “К-236” (4100 g/m²), “Chernoplenchataya 10” (4930 g/m²), “Chernoplenchataya 11” (4845 g/m²) significantly surpassed the standard variety “Aleksandrina”. The correlation analysis shows that the productivity of green chop is assessed by the duration of the period of one cutting (r = 0.48 ± 0.00001), plant height (0.58 ± 0.002), width (0.53 ± 0.001) and leaf square (0.57 ± 0.001).

The characteristic of hulled barley varieties on economic-valuable traits Barley is a universal agricultural grain crop, both in the distribution area and in diversified use. In recent years, the varieties of hulled barley together with the conventional unhulled varieties were introduced into the State List of Breeding Achievements of the Russian Federation. Grain of such varieties is more nutritious, as it contains larger amount of protein, vitamins, amino acids, etc. As there are no varieties of hulled barley in the State List of Breeding Achievements of RF on the Rostov region, the purpose to select varieties adapted to soil-climatic conditions of the North-Caucasus region is becoming more and more important [1]. The article presents the study results of more than 100 collection variety samples of spring hulled barley. The experiments were carried out on the fields of the department of barley breeding and seed-growing of the FSBSI “Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” in 2014-2016. The lines and varieties “К-3426” (Japan), “К-3754” (Japan), “К-19109” (India), “К-26598” (Ethiopia), “E.E.A.N.46” (Bolivia), “Golozerny” (RF), “Golozerny 1” (RF), “Korona Laschego” (Poland), “Brunee” (Ethiopia) have been selected as the sources of fast ripening. The lines and varieties “К-266” (Pakistan), “К-26648” (Pakistan), “Nigohadaka” (Japan), “К-16535” (RF), “84469/70” (Czech Republic), “1218-524” (Czech Republic), “Buck CDC” (Canada) have been selected as the sources of large number of kernels per head. The lines and varieties “Dai-Mai” (Turkmenistan), “Аkkа” (Israel), “К-19103” (India), “К-3115” (Tajikistan), “К-3118” (Tajikistan) have been selected as the sources of productivity. The lines and varieties “Brunee” (Ethiopia), “S-264” (Mexico), “К-266” (Pakistan), “Omsky golozerny 1” (RF), “Yudinsky 1” (RF), “Аkkа” (Israel), “К-1328” (Turkey), “Kitaki-nadaka” (Japan), “К-3426” (Japan), “Komehadaka” (Japan) have been selected as the sources with high indexes of protein, lysine and starch. The following varieties “Brunee” (Ethiopia), “S-264” (Mexico), “К-266” (Pakistan), “Omsky golozerny 1” (RF), “Yudinsky 1” (RF), “Nigohadaka” (Japan), “Komehadaka” (Japan) have been selected due to a complex of the traits. All these varieties and lines have been recommended and are being used in the breeding programs while developing a new selection material of hulled barley, adapted to the increasing aridity of climate.

The improvement of the efficiency of fertilizers’ use for spring barley sowings According to three-year long researches and farming tests the article presents the efficiency of fertilizers’ use combined with the compound microelement fertilizer “Akvadon-Mikro”. The principle effect of microelements and their use with mineral fertilizers upon increase of barley productivity has been established. On average the grain productivity was 2.25 t/ha on the control variant. While using mineral fertilizers (in proportion of N₄₀P₆₀K₉₀) the yield increased on 0.73 t/ha with the payback of 1 kg of NPK equal to 3.9 kg of grain. The use of the fertilizer “Akvadon-Mikro” increased the productivity up to 0.98 t/ha, with the payback of 1 kg of NPK equal to 5.2 kg of grain. The use of the fertilizer in proportion of N₂₈P₄₀K₆₀ increased the productivity on 0.99 t/ha with the payback of 1 kg of NPK equal to 7.8 kg of grain. The farming experiments showed that the use of the fertilizer in a reduced to N₂₈P₄₀K₆₀ proportion combined with the microelement fertilizer “Akvadon-Mikro” produced the largest yield of grain (3.89 t/ha), that is on 1.91 t/ha more than that of the control variant. The use of the fertilizers with this microfertilizer increased the profit per hectare on 31 745 rb and on 803.7 rb per 1 hwt of barley, if the fertilizer was used in proportion N₄₀P₆₀K₉₀. The profitability has increased on 61% compared with the control variant and it is 161.9%. When the fertilizer was used in proportion N₂₈P₄₀K₆₀, the profit per hectare increased on 32 286 rb and on 830 rb per 1 hwt of barley. The profitability has increased on 75.7% compared with the control variant and it is 176.6%. The study showed, the use of microfertilizers has become an important factor of barley productivity increase, providing reliable yields. On average during the years of study the efficiency of a combined use of microelements and mineral fertilizers was the same. Due to better assimilation of nutrients, the use of a microelement fertilizer increased productivity on the areas with various fertilizing, which made it possible to reduce the dosage of mineral fertilizers.

The assessment of winter wheat resistance to brown rust and powdery mildew in the Rostov region The article presents the results of many-year study of winter wheat resistance to such leaf diseases as brown rust and powdery mildew. These pathogens are often spread on wheat sowings and largely damage yields. For successful selection on immunity it’s essential to introduce varieties with resistance to the local populations of brown rust and powdery mildew pathogens into hybridization. 268 varieties of winter wheat with various geo-geographical origins have been studied on the artificially infected areas. As a result of the field experiments, the varieties “Yumpa”, “Liga1”, “Yuzhanka”, “Grom”, “Kuren” (Russia, P. P. Lukiyanenko RCG), “Evgeniya”, “Berezit”, “Stavka” (Russia, North-Caucasus FRAC), “Anisimovka”, “Astarta” (Ukraine) have been found largely resistant to brown rust (infection less than 15%). 34 varieties (or 12.7% of all studied varieties) have been found resistant to powdery mildew. They are “Zhakhidka Odesskaya”, “Solokha” (Ukraine), “Famulus” (Germany), “Natula” (Poland), “Tatsitus” (Austria), “Karolina 5”, “KD Aliyans”, “Vekha”, “Vid” and others (Russia). The winter wheat varieties resistant to one or more pathogens are of special value for breeding. There are 16 varieties resistant to the leaf pathogens in the studied material. They are “Samuray”, “Rigi”, “Etana” (Germany), “Bombus”, “Seylor”, “Menestrel” (France) and others.