Blue honeysuckle has attracted farmers’ attention from ancient times. Honeysuckle is used as a vitamin and therapeutic product. Honeysuckle berries are rich in sweet and acids. Besides, variety of its forms gives an opportunity to create wonderful decoration in living areas of towns and cities. Honeysuckle is of great diversity and wide ecological amplitude. The paper deals with the study of productivity of honeysuckle varieties, introduced in the Republic of Tatarstan to estimate ecological tolerance to climatic conditions of the Predkamie Area of the Republic of Tatarstan. Honeysuckle berries have been assessed on fruit-weight and taste depending on meteorological conditions. The phenological observations have showed that climatic conditions promote early vegetation (09-17 of April). The period of flowering lasts 7-12 days. Berry ripeness occurred in May, 28-29 (in 2012). In 2014 it was on the 1-4 of June. The earliest berry ripeness took place on the 28-29 of May in 2012. The duration of ripening during the years of study was 6-11 days. The most productive varieties ‘Nimfa’, ‘Bakcharskaya’ and ‘Volkhova’ have been selected with productivity of 0.80-0.79 kg of berries per bush, which turned to be stable to cultivation in such soil-climatic conditions. The largest berries have been received from the varieties ‘Dlinnoplodnaya’ and ‘Nimfa’ with 0.80 and 0.79 g respectively. The berries of the varieties ‘Nimfa’ and ‘Volkhova’ possessed the most wonderful taste (5.0 points) than the variety ‘Dlinnoplodnaya’ (4.8) and the variety ‘Bakcharskaya’ (4.7).

Both the increase of the crop productivity and the decrease of net costs of its production require necessity to determine and assess the efficiency of each technological method, including a use of expensive mineral fertilizers. The research has been carried out on grey forestry soils with the use of microbiological fertilizers during pre-sowing treatment of the spring soft wheat variety ‘Margarita’. In 2013-2015 the seeds treated with the drugs ‘Mizorin’ and ‘Rizoagrin’ were sown with the use of fertilizers and without them on the experimental fields of FSBEI HE ‘Kazan State Agricultural University’. The use of 170 kg of fertilizers per hectare increased the crop productivity on 510-540 kg/ha. The application of one kg of fertilizers produced 3.0 kg of grain, with the use of ‘Mizorin’ it was 3.64 kg and with the use of ‘Rizoagrin’ it produced 3.76 kg of grain.

There have been studied the response of early maturing potato variety ‘Red Skarlet’ on different methods of application of the growth regulator ‘Albit’ and various rates of mineral nutrition on grey soils of forest-steppe zone of Middle Povolzhie. It has been established that potato treatment by the preparation before planting, double use of the medicine during vegetation and application of both preparations are the most efficient. The experiments were carried out with and without the use of NPK calculated for the potato productivity of 30 t/ha. During the trials we have estimated the dynamics of leaf formation, coefficients of FAR use, productivity and quality of potato. It has been established that the indexes significantly depend on the studied factors. Potato treatment before planting increased the productivity on 1.55-2.10 t/ha depending on the nutrition. Double potato treatment during vegetation increased the productivity on 3.03=3.15 t/ha. The maximum increase of the productivity (4.84-5.10 t/ha) was obtained after a composite use of the preparation.

The paper considers the results of study of the effect of pre-sowing treatment of seeds with fungicides in pure form and in the mixture with growth stimulators on productivity and quality of seeds of spring wheat variety ‘Yoldyz’. Fungicide ‘Kinto Duo’ both in pure form and in a mixture with FSF (fluid stimulating fertilizer with chelated microelements) and ‘Albit’ had no significant effect on a number of roots per plant. The seed treatment with growth stimulator (‘Albit’ in pure form and disinfector ‘Kinto Duo’) gave some increase of sprout height (8.2 and 8.0 cm with 6.5 cm of the control). The tested drugs, except fungicide ‘Kinto Duo’, increased the energy of germination on 3.1% and laboratory germination on 2.5-4.0%

The work deals with the use of the factor analysis to reduce the importance of factors affecting spring wheat productivity. To carry out the analysis among eight most affecting on crop productivity factors we used the dataset of 32 years. All the dataset has been pre-normalized, being centered and presented in tabular form. Eight principal components were calculated, and the factor loadings were determined. According to the factor loadings it has been decided to take four principal components describing 84% of general dispersion. Each principal component has been presented as a linear combination of factor loadings and factors. The use of principal components allowed reducing the size of initial dataset from eight factors to four ones. The obtained information has been given in the space of principal components. The new coordinates of the experimental dataset on spring wheat productivity has been estimated by the received interdependences. The initial dataset has been given in a graphic form to search latent interdependences among factors. The number of diagrams in four principal components is six variables in a binary space and four ones in tree-dimensional space. It has been given a diagram of the data according to the first and the fourth principal component. The location of the points shows that the largest value of kernel weight is connected with high indexes of gluten content. It has been constructed a model on the basis of neural network (multiclass perceptron) with one input, one output and one latent layer. The neural network has been preliminary studied according to initial dataset and checked for adequacy

Oil is considered to be the most widely spread pollutant of soil. We have studied the possibility of natural rehabilitation of oil-polluted grey forestry soil and efficiency of some agrochemical and agrotechnical methods of its recultivation in the Predkamie of the Republic of Tatarstan. The methods of recultivation, which have been applied, are mechanical tillage (loosening), liming, fertilizing with minerals and biomedicine ‘Baykal EM-1’. The article summarizes the data about the effect of the tested methods of recultivation of oil-polluted soil on productivity of spring rape, which was grown according to the scheme of crop rotation after 3,7 and 11 years of soil contamination with oil. The negative influence on productivity of spring rape after the only oil pollution during 11 years has been established. At the same time there has been seen a close positive correlation between the limitation of soil contamination and productivity (R²=0.804÷0.996), that shows the possibility of a gradual, albeit slow detoxication of grey forestry soil without any recultivation. The significance of the tested methods of recultivation has changed a lot along the time. At the beginning (after three years of pollution) intensive loosening had a more positive effect on productivity of spring rape, then the effect of it decreased at a large increase of the effect of total mineral fertilizing. Liming of oil-polluted low-acid grey forestry soil produced no effect on productivity increase. The maximum productivity of spring rape has been obtained in the experiment ‘loosening+liming+NPK’.

The work deals with the principal factors, which should be taken into account during the development of cultivation technologies of agricultural crops, which increase soil fertility and yields of crops, and give biologically valuable ecologically friendly products. That’s why it’s necessary to study and select efficient bio drugs, fertilizers and technological methods of cultivation to increase productivity of agricultural crops. Soil treatment with the elements of agricultural biologization is of great importance. The use of ecologically friendly bio drugs is especially important for growing children and dietary food products; their use allows increasing quality and amount of medicinal raw material. The present agro technologies should save soil fertility, reduce and prevent soil degradation, take into account varietal features of field crops, agro climatic and soil conditions of the region

The paper considers the correlation of backgrounds of nutrition and a layer of alfalfa agrocenosis on the sowings of spring wheat variety ‘Eskada 70’ as a subsequent crop of field crop rotation. On the basis of the comparative assessment of the study of grass stand and backgrounds of their mineral nutrition we have worked out specific proposals for production, providing a sufficient balance of humus in low fertile grey forestry soils of Tatarstan and obtaining high qualitative grain of spring wheat on 35 hwt/ha more with 550-650 rubles/hwt of cost price and 800-900 rubles/hwt of market price. It has been proved experimentally that the use of the doses of fertilizer mixtures allows not only form highly productive alfalfa agrocenosis but also control fertility of vast grey forestry soils of the Republic of Tatarstan. The use of the layer of perennial grasses as fallow for spring wheat produced high yields of grain and reduced the need of mineral fertilizers for the sowings.

The best control of phyto pathogens on winter rye seeds occurred during combined treatment of seeds with disinfectants and electromagnetic effect for 30 minutes. The largest control over dissemination and development of root rots takes place during combined use of ‘KVCh (30min)+Vial TT, VSK-0.5 l/t’, the excess over the control was 2.1 and 2.5 times and 2.2 and 2.5 times respectively to the fertilizing statuses. The maximum decrease of infection with lead diseases was achieved with a combined use of a disinfectant and KVCh (30min). The maximum productivity of grain (3.84 t/ha) was obtained after fertilizing of calculated doses of mineral fertilizers and 4.0 t/ha after a combined use of ‘KVCh (30min)+Vial TT, VSK-0.5 l/t’; the productivity increase after seed treatment was 0.49 t/ha.

The trials trying to create optimal feed regime for fruit formation of the new variety ‘Gyuzel’ have been carried out on a grey forest, heavy loamy granulometric soil of Predkamie Area of the Republic of Tatarstan with a deficit of balance of exchangeable potassium (35%). The soil of the experimental plot is characterized with such agrochemical indexes as humus content of 2.6-2.8%; the sum of absorbed basis of 33.6-35.7 mg per 100g of soil; phosphorus content of 129-131 mg; exchangeable potassium content of 86-90 mg per 1 kg of soil (according to Tyurin); pH of salinity of 5.4-5.8. There has been determined a positive effect of root top-dressing on general growth of alfalfa, on formation of generative organs, on seed productivity of variegated alfalfa variety ‘Gyuzel’. The increase of seed productivity was a result of the increase of beans on alfalfa inflorescences and an amount of well-developed seeds compared with an amount of bad-developed and hollow seeds.

The article considers the results of study of nectar production by the flowers of hybrids, formed on a basis of fasciated morpho-biotypes of buckwheat. Some of them are considered to be promising in breeding on the increase of nectar productivity by flowers. It has been shown that hydrothermal conditions of vegetation, genotypic features of hybrid populations and sowing rates have a significant effect on the amount of nectar productivity. When the sowing time is shifted to the end of May, sowing with less amount of seeds increases nectar-forming capacity of flowers.

Wheat diseases belong to the principal biotic stress factors that negatively influence on spring wheat productivity. Development of diseases of a root system, leaves and a head result in decrease of both quantitative and qualitative characteristics of wheat harvest. For the last years Russia and the Republic of Tatarstan have seen significant climate changes, having great effect on the crops and on the pathogens. The paper presents the analysis of the data on the main meteorological indexes, disease development and spread and spring wheat productivity obtained during the period of 1992-2016. It has been determined that during the period the aridity of climate especially in May-June has increases. There is also an increase of root and pre-root rots of wheat, leaf blotch (septoriosis). Plant infection with rust and powdery mildew is reducing, spread of head diseases are increasing.

The article presents the study of phytosanitary state of sowings depending on various tillage technologies (minimum, fine and surface) of grey forestry soil in comparison with the conventional technologies, based on under-winter (fall) plowing. Analyzing weed infestation of spring rape (colza), spring wheat and barley there was seen a tendency of decrease of annual weeds and increase of perennial weeds under decrease of tillage intensity. During stem formation of spring rape (colza) constant surface tillage produced the largest quantity of weeds; fine tillage with periodic loosening once two years gave the least quantity of weeds. At the boot stage spring wheat and barley sowings showed the largest amount of weeds after surface tillage (BDT-3) and the smallest on after plowing (control). The largest amount of weed seeds in a layer of 0-20 cm was in the variants with constant fine and surface tillage. The general infection of soil with root rots was higher after surface tillage and less after plowing. A comparatively high productivity of crops was obtained after fine tillage (KSN-3) with periodic loosening once two years.

The main purpose of feeding is to supply cattle with nutrients vitally important for their growth. At present to reduce dairy products used for calve feeding the farmers use substitutes for whole milk and mixed fodders-starters which help the animals to get used to plant food and to improve the work of gastrointestinal tract. The article gives the results of the comparative analysis of mixed fodders-starters, produced by various countries that are used for feeding of young cattle. The article considers the assessment of their nutrition value according to main indexes and characteristics on compliance with the requirements of domestic technical documentation. It has been established that present recipes of mixed fodder are lack of a variety of components among which are such wastes of plant processing as oilcake, oilmeal and molasses. Thus the article describes the feeding advantages of frequently met ingredients which make their use for young cattle more advisable. Besides the article shows disadvantages which limit the use and the ways to eliminate them. Thus, the use of the wastes of plant processing in mixed-fodders-starters produces positive effect on the growth indexes and young cattle development, reduces costs of fodders per unit of production and increases economic efficiency of their breeding.

The synopsis of the data on soil study and long-term trials with fertilizers in crop rotation with grain crops allowed studying the dynamics of humus condition in grey forestry soils of the Predkamie Area of the Republic of Tatarstan in the intensive agriculture. Statistic assessment of 99 soil profiles showed that arable (topsoil) horizon contains up to 4% of humus. The detailed research in the controlled conditions of a field trial showed that intensive use of soils in a field rotation for 20 years without fertilizing increased humus decay, its content in soil reduced on 0.28-0.30%. In the variants with systematic use of nitrogen mineral fertilizers the humus mineralization has slowed down, its content and reserves have stabilized, the content of its movable forms at the general humus decrease has increased. The humus loss was 7.28 t/ha (without fertilizing) and 1.6-2.5 t/ha (which is 3-4 times less) in the variants with fertilizing. The study of group and fraction compound of humus has established that the long-term use of soil (during 20 years) without fertilizing results in decrease of humus acids in respect to the initial content of them in soil, which indicates an increase in the mineralization of humus. At a long-term application of large doses of nitrogen mineral fertilizers in field rotation the content of movable fractions of GK and FK in humus increases. The increase of humus movable fractions in grey forestry soils at the fertilizing gives the productivity increase of crop rotation. In four rotations the productivity was 250 hwt/ha (without fertilizing) and 666 hwt/ha (with fertilizing).

Under the conditions of development of soil and air aridity at the beginning of vegetation, the use of liquid fertilizers for seed and non-root treatment allows optimizing mineral nutrition and controlling the processes of formation of spring barley yield. Thus, when the liquid complex fertilizer ‘Megavit’ is added during disinfection of seeds, the density of plant stand and square of leaf surface increase that positively affect on barley productivity. The productivity increase was 0.31 t/ha. The productivity of the crop increased on 0.69 t/ha after irrigation with the liquid fertilizer ‘Azosol’ at the earing stage, and on 0.96 t/ha after seed treatment with ‘Megavit’ and irrigation with ‘Azosol’. The application of the method significantly reduced the spread and development of the main barley disease in Tatarstan, dark brown rust. It has been determined that non-root fertilizing with ‘Agris’ promotes productivity increase and tolerance to diseases. Non-root fertilizing with these medicines increase a number of kernels pre head and their weight. The use of these technology increases protein content in forage barley. The most efficient was the fertilizer ‘Agris Nitrogen’ with 3.0 l/ha. The use of the method produced barley productivity increase on 0.6 t/ha. the development of dark brown rust reduced in 1.6 times. The content of protein was 13.2% with 12.7% of the control.

The article considers the historical aspects of production of sunflower oil raw material. The present state of the supply of population with domestic sunflower oil has been analyzed. The analysis showed that for the last years both the sowing areas and productivity of the crop have increased. The increase of the sunflower areas is closely connected with frequent drought in the forest-steppe region, and sunflower is a tolerant to drought crop. Besides, the studied crop is the most profitable oilseed culture in the Russian Federation. Keywords: sunflower, productivity, oilseeds, oil content, drought tolerance, profitability, net cost (cost price).

The article deals with an important problem of acceleration of husbandry and poultry waste processing into organic fertilizer. A new approach to the possibility of reducing the time of death of pathogens due to stimulation of microorganisms, and to the acceleration of processing with the use of bioprocess stimulator are being developed. The article gives the study results of processing of cow and swine manure. The process is assessed according to the change of the content of ammonium nitrogen. The samples treated with ‘Melafen’ contain less concentration of nitrogen, and toxicity of cow manure reduces compared with a control sample. The paper presents the study results of processing of cow, horse and chicken manure after their treatment with ‘Trikhodermin’ and after their combined treatment with ‘Trikhodermin’ and ‘Melafen’. There has been shown the decrease of concentration of ammonium nitrogen in the samples, treated with ‘Trikhodermin’ and with ‘Trikhodermin’ and ‘Melafen’, and the decrease of toxicity of chicken manure in comparison with the control sample. The obtained results indicate the effect of the treatment with ‘Melafen’ on the speed of waste decontamination and neutralization.

Injuries have negative effect on sowing and phyto sanitary properties of wheat seeds. The seeds can be mechanically injured during harvesting and processing, and they can be injured by pests and diseases during vegetation period. The assessment of severity of seed injuries showed that amount of yield losses depends on localization of injuries. The injury of a germ is especially dangerous. Micro injuries of a germ and endosperm reduce a number of initial roots and amount of sprouts. Injuries of bran covering had no effect on germination and development of roots, though reduced amount of sprouts. The injured seeds showed higher infection with seedling blight and rot. Seed injuries have a long-term effect on growth and development of plants, including formation of grains of new yield and its tolerance to injuries. Studying the effect of seeding rates and use of fungicides in a heading phase on a degree of injury of spring wheat seeds we have established that a seeding rate, treatment with fungicide and varietal traits had the largest influence on decrease of injuries. It has been established that the optimal seeding rate and a balanced mineral fertilizing also reduce injuries. To prevent injuries it’s necessary to apply seed disinfection with tank mixtures of fungicides, then non-root fertilizing with fungicides and pre-harvesting desiccation. The application of these methods allows reducing seed injury and increasing their quality. In this case, pre-sowing treatment of seeds has a larger effect on decrease of general injury of seeds, germs and endosperm than treatment of seeds during the vegetation period.