According to the trial, started in 1987, the article presents research works made in 1994–2013 dealing with the study of barley productivity during second-fifth rotations of grain-grass row crop rotation and grain row crop rotation grown in blackearth (chernozem) with various tillage technologies and fertilizing. During four rotations on average barley productivity was nearly similar in both crop rotations. According to the trial results, the productive process depends on 0.16% from the types of crop rotations, on 0.12% from tillage technologies, on 25.6% on organic fertilizers and 71.0% from mineral fertilizers. The introduction of mineral fertilizers increases grain yield on 1.04–1.22 t/ha, the introduction of organic fertilizers increases it on 0.73–0.82 t/ha and they are obligatory for grain productivity increase. It has been established that depending on the crop rotations, tillage technologies and fertilizers barley productivity ranged from 2.38 t/ha in the variants without fertilizing to 4.24 t/ha with introduction of NPK100/ha with 16 t/ha of cattle manure.

The article presents a short review of emmer wheat distribution throughout the whole world and the regions of Russia. The grain of emmer wheat is found rich in microelements, vitamins, nondispensible amino-acids and other useful substances. The article considers the two-year study results (2016, 2017) of the trials with emmer wheat on the central experimental plot of the Kurgansk RIA. Some separate elements of cultivation technologies of the emmer wheat variety ‘Gremme’ and the spring wheat variety ‘Zauralochka’ have been developed in three-year crop and fallow rotation on the extensive and intensive backgrounds. The variety ‘Gremme’ produced
3.4 t/ha being the largest yield during the trials, the spring wheat variety ‘Zauralochka’ gave only 2.98 t/ha. In the competitive variety-testing we studied comparative productivity of emmer wheat varieties ‘Gremme’ and ‘Runo’ with the spring wheat varieties ‘Tertsiya’ and ‘Iren’. The variety ‘Runo’ was found highly tolerant to powdery mildew, brown and stem rust, and grown without fertilizers and fungicides it was the most productive variety with 2.87 t/ha compared with the varieties ‘Tertsiya’, ‘Iren’ and ‘Gremme’ with 1.17, 1.26 and 1.72 t/ha respectively. According to the baking qualities, emmer wheat yielded to the spring wheat varieties. At the same time there is high protein content (17.5%) in the variety ‘Runo’. The preliminary results of the study show that the unhulled variety ‘Runo’ in the organic farming system claims to play a leading role in obtaining an environmentally clean grain rich in the necessary elements of nutrition. 

Soil fertility decrease, economic and organizational factors reduce the valuable qualities of the varieties, and therefore the preventive measures that prevent deterioration of the variety are of great importance. Seedbed treatment, such as disinfection of seeds with the preparations that have a healing effect from various diseases, soil pests and air-thermal treatment of seeds, application of mineral fertilizers are important measures necessary for effective seed production. Long-term studies conducted on experimental and industrial plots of the Samara RIA have established that seed disinfection with the preparations of systemic action ‘ScenicCombi’, ‘Lamador KS’, ‘Ranazol Ultra KS’ is the most effective. There has been estimated the effect of spring solar heating of seeds by warm atmospheric air, promoting their awakening, exit from ‘secondary dormancy’ and germination increase. There has been noted a positive effect of the full fertilizer on the sowing and yielding qualities of the seeds. There have been determined the optimal doses of fertilizers N30P30K30, N45P45K45 for seed production of winter wheat, spring wheat and barley with the best yielding properties (on 6.2–7.4% in comparison with the control).

The reproduction of natural soil fertility is the most important direction in solving the problem of sustainable development of agriculture and the entire agro-industrial complex. The realization of this direction should be considered together with greening of agriculture. Considering greening of agriculture, the agricultural ecosystem can be divided into the components and each component can be considered separately. The main aspects of greening of agriculture are alternative systems of agriculture, non-pesticide crop cultivation technologies, binary or mixed crops, constructing of crop rotations to supply the plants with the main nutrition elements, application of green manure crops to improve soil fertility, etc. Green manure crops are the plants which are grown to improve soil fertility and they are called ‘green manure’. Green manure crops decompose in the soil much faster than other organic fertilizers thereby supplying plants with nutrition elements better. Plowed green manure improves water, air and food regimes of soil, improves its fertility and grain crop productivity.

Productivity of winter barley varieties is a main characteristic for their wide introduction into agricultural production. Yields and quality of grain are usually formed under influence of a complex set of conditions. Grain productivity depends on such factors as cultivation technology, hydrothermal regime, tolerance to unfavourable weather conditions. Plant moisture supply is the main factor for obtaining high yields of winter barley in the eastern part of the Rostov region. The study was conducted in the years of 2014-2016, which were characterized with different moisture supply. There were studied the varieties ‘Master’, ‘Tigr’, ‘Timofey’ and ‘Erema’ developed by the FSBSI ARC “Donskoy”. On average three varieties ‘Master’ (4.26 t/ha), ‘Timofey’ (4.18 t/ha) and ‘Erema’ 4.37 t/ha) gave the largest yields for three-year period of study. On average for three-year period of study the greatest quantity of protein was found in the variety ‘Tugr’ (11.7%), the greatest amount of starch was found in the variety ‘Timofey’ (59.2%).

Barley is a grain crop, which has a wide range of economic use. Barley productivity greatly varies according to cultivation areas, therefore ecological variety-testings are carried out to reveal variety response to various soil-climatic conditions.  It allows identifying the varieties with good adaptability to definite soil-climatic conditions. The purpose of the work is to study the main economic-valuable traits of winter barley varieties in the southern part of the Rostov region. The study was conducted on the crop rotation fields of the department for barley breeding and seed-growing of the ARC “Donskoy” in 2015–2017. The objects of the study were 25 winter barley varieties of different ecological and geographical origin. There were identified the varieties with a complex of economic-valuable traits and properties. The varieties ‘Hiscory’, ‘Explorer 7’, ‘Wintwalt’ and ‘Explorer 3/2’ showed a complex resistance to leaf diseases.  The varieties ‘Timofey’, ‘Master’, ‘Erema’, ‘Vivat’, ‘Tigr’ (ARC “Donskoy”, Russia), ‘Scala’, ‘Meredian’ (Germany), ‘Explorer 2’, ‘Explorer 6’, ‘Саpten’ (France) showed a large grain content per head. There were identified such large-kerneled varieties as ‘Timofey’ (ARC “Donskoy”, Russia), ‘Scala’ (Germany), ‘Explorer 1’, ‘Explorer 2’, ‘Explorer 6’, ‘Explorer 8’, ‘Wintwalt’, ‘Capten’ (France) with 45.1–50 g; the varieties ‘Meredian’, ‘Hiscory’ (Germany), ‘Explorer 3’, ‘Explorer 4’, ‘Explorer 5’, ‘Explorer 7’, ‘Explorer 3/2’, ‘Explorer 4/2’, ‘Bronskajli’ (France) with more than 50 g. The varieties ‘Master’, ‘Tigr’ (ARC “Donskoy”, Russia), ‘Gordey’ (RCG named after P.P. Lukyanenko, Russia), ‘Scala’, ‘Casino’ (Germany), ‘Explorer 6’, ‘Explorer 7’ (France) showed their early ripeness.

The article presents the results of the conducted analysis of research works about the effect of size of flag leaves and awns on winter wheat productivity. The genetic potential of the variety, which can be realized on the basis of its biologic characteristics largely influences on its productivity. Productivity is a complex trait that is controlled by a complex genetic system closely connected with many factors of environment. The size and duration of assimilation surface are the most important components of biologic and agricultural yield of wheat. Many researchers showed that the amount and duration of photosynthesis by leaf surface are the main factors limiting productivity in the definite conditions of growing, and the size of leaf surface correlates with grain productivity. Photosynthetic parts of winter wheat include not only leaves, but also stems, heads, awns, etc. The conducted analysis of the literature showed that there is no consensus on the effect of flag leaves on wheat yield formation. Therefore it’s necessary to fulfill the study and evaluation of the part of flag leaves and awns in the formation of winter soft wheat productivity in the Rostov region.

The article presents the study results of seed inoculation by specific strains Mesorhizobiumciceri on number and weight of chickpea root nodules, productivity and nutrition value of chickpea cultivated in the southern nature-climatic part of the Rostov region.  The study was conducted on the fields of FSBSI “Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” (in the laboratory of cultivation technology of row crops) located in the southern part of the Rostov region in 2015–2016. The soil of the plot was heavy loamy carbonate blackearth (chernozem) with 7.0 рН, 3.2% of humus, 18–25 of P2O5 mg/kg of soil and 350–400 of K2O mg/kg of soil. The object of the study was a chickpea variety ‘Volgogradsky 10’, approved to use in the Rostov region. The strains of nodule bacteria (Rhyzotorfin) were developed and presented by the FSBSI All-Russian Research Institute of Agricultural Microbiology (the laboratory of ecology of symbiotic and associative rhizobacteria). Agroclimatic conditions of chickpea vegetation period ranged throughout the years of study that allowed estimating chickpea productivity without fear or favor. The use of Rhyzotorfin strains resulted in increasing preservation of plants for harvesting, improving seed productivity (seed-weight per plant, 1000-kernel weight) and increasing grain productivity (with the increase on 0.24–0.51 t/ha compared with the control). Large yields of fodder units and raw protein per unit area testified the improvement of nutrition value of chickpea kernels, and the increase of these traits to the control was 0.33–0.68 t/ha and 26.5-93.1 kg/ha respectively.

The article considers the effect of moisture shortage in soil on formation of winter wheat root system. According to root system development (number, volume and dry weight of roots) there have been identified the varieties ‘Krasa Dona’, ‘Zhavoronok’, ‘Bonus’, ‘Kazachka’, ‘Luchezar’, ‘Shef’, ‘Polina’ and the lines ‘1120/13’, ‘1377/06’ that possess high indexes in all trials. The estimation of drought tolerance on growth power of germinal roots was carried out on winter wheat seeds, germinated in rolls on a completely nutrient mixture ‘Knopa’. The largest increase of germinal roots was found on the samples ‘Polina’ (on 14.6 cm), ‘134/11’ (on 13.9 cm), ‘Asket’ (on 13.8 cm), ‘1430/12’ (on 13.6 cm), ‘110/11’ and ‘1120/13’ (on 13.2 cm), ‘Krasa Dona’ (on 13.0 cm). Drought tolerance has been determined according to the degree of seed germination on osmotic sucrose solution (16 atm). The analyzed samples have been divided into the following groups: the 1-st group – highly tolerant samples (10), the 2-d group – average tolerant samples (4), the 3-d group – not tolerant samples (6). The assessment of heat resistance showed that 13 samples from 20 analyzed ones belong to the 1-st group of highly heat resistant; 7 samples belong to average resistant. To characterize various indexes of plant resistance and their correlation there have been used a method of determining the complex resistance index of germinating seeds. The samples ‘Asket’ (253.4 r. u.), ‘1377/06’ (255.4 r. u.), ‘Kazachka’ (252.1 r. u.), ‘Shef’ (245.0 r. u.), ‘Krasa Dona’ (244.3 r. u.) and ‘Polina’ (240.0 r. u.) are characterized with high complex resistance index of germinating seeds. The samples ‘Asket’, ‘1237/13’, ‘Krasa Dona’, ‘260/09’, ‘Kazachka’, ‘1377/06’ showed high degree of complex drought tolerance (from 31 to 43%).

The Lugansk region is situated in the arid steppe part, where the main grain crops are not able to realize productive potential to their full extent. The purpose of the work is to identify the features of grain sorghum varieties developed by the FSBSI ARC “Donskoy” in the conditions of the Lugansk region. The objects of the study were the sorghum varieties ‘Orlovskoe’, ‘Zernogradskoe 88’, ‘Luchistoe’, ‘Velikan’, ‘Khazine 28’ developed by the FSBSI ARC “Donskoy” in comparison with the varieties and hybrids of exotic breeding. The ecological study was conducted in the experimental plot of the Lugansky National Agricultural University in 2016–2017. The varieties selected by the ARC “Donskoy” belong to the groups of ultra-early season and early season varieties and become completely mature for 83–96 days. The productivity of the varieties ‘Orlovskoe’, ‘Luchistoe’, ‘Velikan’ is similar to the productivity of varieties and hybrids which mature on 20–25 days later. The varieties manage to form high-grade grain to mid-September and do not need any costs on desiccation of sowings and drying of grain after harvesting to conventional humidity that testifies high economic efficiency of the ARC “Donskoy” varieties. Grain productivity is a complex trait, which consists of various quantitative elements. The conducted structural analysis showed that plant height, 1000-kernel weight, grain nature of the most varieties and hybrids had week correlation with external conditions. According to the correlation-regression analysis grain nature in the Lugansk region is directly connected with sorghum productivity. The increase of grain nature on one unit results in grain productivity increase on 0.0091 t/ha.

The article presents the results of ecological trials of ten new maize hybrids developed by the ARC “Donskoy” at six points with different moisture supply. According to grain yields there have been identified such valuable for definite conditions hybrids as: ‘Ze 235’ with 5.0 t/ha and ‘Ze 428’ with 6.55 t/ha (ARC “Donskoy”, Zernograd); ‘Ze 182’ with 9.02 t/ha (ARRI of maize, Pyatigorsk); ‘Ze 286’ with 4.92 t/ha (RCG named after P.P. Lukiyanenko, Krasnodar); ‘Ze 428’ with 7.61 t/ha (RPE “Semenovodstvo Kubani”, v. of Ladozhskaya, Krasnodar Area); ‘Ze 331’ with 10.1 t/ha (Agrofirm “Otbor”, v. of Komsomolsky); ‘Ze 428’ with 6.55 t/ha (RusRC “Rossorgo”, Saratov). For the arid conditions there has been recommended the hybrid ‘Ze 428’ with 5.11 t/ha of grain on average at the points with insufficient moisture supply. For the conditions of sufficien moisture supply there has been recommended the hybrid ‘Ze 331’ with 8.06 t/ha at the points with high moisture supply. The new hybrids ‘Ze 182’, ‘Ze 236’, ‘Ze 285’, ‘Ze 286’, ‘Ze 331’, ‘Ze 332’, ‘Ze 333’, ‘Ze 427’, ‘Ze 428’ have been characterized with high responsiveness on the change of growing conditions, regression coefficient (bi) was 1.42–2.02; the hybrid ‘Ze 235’ is found to be an ecologically adaptable genotype (bi = 1). All hybrids belong to ecologically stable genotypes (σd2=0,13–0,74). The hybrids ‘Ze 235’ and ‘Ze 331’ showed the highest index of drought tolerance (72.7 and 67.3% respectively). The early ripening hybrid ‘Ze 182’ (FAO 180), the middle-ripening hybrid ‘Ze 286’ (FAO 250), the middle ripening hybrid ‘Ze 331’ (FAO 300) and the middle-late hybrid ‘Ze 428’ (FAO 400) are the most promising hybrids for practical use according to such their economic-valuable traits as grain productivity, harvesting moisture of grain, resistance to lodging, resistance to smut viruses and ear attachment height.

During the years of study (2015–2017) there were considered and studied parameters of adaptability of winter soft wheat varieties sown after maize. As a result, the productivity of winter wheat ranged from 77.6 hwt/ha (the variety ‘Polina’) to 83.9 hwt/ha (the variety ‘Kaprizulya’). At a most the productivity varied through the years from 52.5 hwt/ha (the variety ‘Kapitan’) in 2016 to 108.2 hwt/ha (the variety ‘Kaprizulya’) in 2017. The main feature of breeding on adaptability is to control ecological plasticity and stability of the varieties in the breeding process. The varieties ‘Krasa Dona’ and ‘Kaprizulya’ having 1.0 regressive coefficient are considered to be ecologically adaptable. The varieties ‘Lidiya’, ‘Kapitan’, ‘Lilit’ and ‘Volnitsa’ having > 1.0 regressive coefficient are considered to be highly responsive. The varieties ‘Lilit’ and ‘Volny Don’ are characterized with stable genotype (σd2 tends to zero). The varieties ‘Polina’ and ‘Volny Don’ belong to the group of varieties with high indexes of homeostatism, breeding value and low coefficients of variations. The varieties ‘Polina’ and ‘Volny Don’ demonstrate high indexes of stress resistance with the lowest negative values of differences among minimum and maximum indexes of the trait. The varieties ‘Kaprizulya’, ‘Lilit’, ‘Krasa Dona’ and ‘Volny Don’ are found genetically flexible genotypes, as they possess high correspondence degree between the genotype and the environment. According to the parameters of adaptability there have been identified the varieties ‘Polina’ and ‘Volny Don’ with stability, breeding value, stress resistance and high productivity.

One of the factors to improve grain quality of winter wheat is to develop and introduce new varieties of high productivity, good grain quality adapted to the local conditions. The article presents the study results of traits of grain quality and drought tolerance of winter soft wheat varieties in the initial periods of plant growth. It has been determined that all studied varieties are characterized with large grain unit. According to mass share of protein the analyzed samples belong to the 2-d and 3-d quality grades. The variety ‘Zhavoronok’ showed the maximum mass share of protein in kernels (14%). On gluten content in kernels the varieties ‘Asket’ (24.6%, ‘Volnitsa’ (24.5%) and ‘Zhavoronok’ (24.3%) formed the grain with good indexes of the trait. The estimation of heat resistance degree in the initial periods of plant growth identified that the indexes ranged from 80.6% to 96.9%, and drought tolerance ranged from 37.1 (the variety ‘Donskoy Mayak’) to 82.3% (the variety ‘Krasa Dona’). The varieties ‘Krasa Dona’ (254.2 r. u.), ‘Ermak’ (253.5 r. u.), ‘Asket’ (251.0 r. u.) and ‘Volnitsa’ (240.6 r. u.) demonstrated high indexes of complex resistance (ICR). The largest yields of grain on average through the years of study were produced by the varieties ‘Krasa Dona’ (8.4 t/ha), ‘Kaprizulya’ (8.3 t/ha), ‘Lilit’ (8.2 t/ha), ‘Zhavoronok’(8.1 t/ha), ‘Polina’(8.1 t/ha) and ‘Volny Don’(8.0 t/ha). Due to the conducted study the new genotypes ‘Volnitsa’, ‘Zhavoronok’ and ‘Krasa Dona’ have been identified which produced high yields and quality of grain and possess high resistance to overheat and dehydration of fibers that allows using them in the breeding process as the sources of useful traits and properties.

The article presents the data of productivity of spring durum wheat varieties of various morphotype in the northern regions of Chuvash, and the purpose is to select the most promising and to find the opportunities of breeding and technological adaptability of spring durum wheat in the region. There were five varieties participated in the trials, they are ‘Bezenchukskaya Niva’, ‘Bezenchukskaya 200’, ‘Bezenchukskaya 205’, ‘Bezenchukskaya 209’, ‘Luch 25’. The results of the biometric analysis of spring durum wheat showed that plant height of the varieties ranged from 74.6 cm to 104.8 cm. The plants of the variety ‘Bezenchukskaya 200’ were found the shortest, the plants of the variety ‘Bezenchukskaya 205’ turned to be the highest. The varieties ‘Bezenchukskaya Niva’ and ‘Bezenchukskaya 209’ showed the best indexes of productive tillering. The best indexes of a yield structure were found in the variety ‘Bezenchukskaya Niva’ with 5.1 cm of a head length, 22.9 seeds per head and 1.12 g of seeds per head. The least indexes were found in the variety ‘Bezenchukskaya 205’ with 16.8 seeds per head and 0.76 g of seeds per head. It has been determined that a number and weight of seeds per head of the varieties changed proportionally to length of head. 1000-kernel weight ranged from 42.32 to 53.27g depending on the variety. The variety ‘Bezenchukskaya Niva’ produced the largest yield (34.1 hwt/ha), the variety ‘Bezenchukskaya 205’ showed the least productivity (19.6 hwt/ha).

The main parameter of the breeding work with alfalfa in the ARC “Donskoy” is the improvement of fodder and seed productivity. Through the years the breeding work was carried out with 500–860 collection samples of alfalfa, alfalfa hybrids and alfalfa lines of the local origin. The main method of the breeding work was poly-crossing. It’s characterized with a multiple repetition of selections of the best plants from the populations, their self-pollination and crossing by free pollination in the plots of poly-crossing. It resulted in accumulation and concentration of favourable traits in the population. The selection promoted systematic improvement of synthetic populations according to economic-valuable traits, especially fodder and seed productivity. During the research, productivity of green mass of the standard variety ‘Rostovskaya 90’ was 28.2 t/ha in the first cutting and 19.0 t/ha in the second one on average. The varieties ‘Lyutsiya’ and ‘Selaynka’ produced 30.6 t/ha, 19.8 t/ha and 32.1 t/ha, 20.4 t/ha respectively. The sum of the harvested green mass of the standard variety was 47.2 t/ha, while ‘Lyutsiya’ produced 50.5 t/ha and ‘Selaynka’ 53.1 t/ha, that is on 7.0% and 12.5% larger than the standard. The similar result was obtained in productivity of dry matter. The total quantity of dry matter produced by the standard variety was 11.6 t/ha (two cuttings), the varieties ‘Lyutsiya’ and ‘Selaynka’ gave 12.6 t/ha and 12.8 t/ha that is on 8.6% and 10.3% more than the standard. The estimation of the breeding work with alfalfa in the preliminary and competitive variety testing allowed to identify the new alfalfa variety ‘Golubka’ and to send it to the State Variety Testing. In the competitive variety testing (2012–2016) the variety produced larger yields that the standard variety (productivity of all five 1-st cutting). With its average productivity of green mass (31.9 t/ha) it exceeded the standard on 13.1%. In the 2-d cutting its green mass productivity was 20.9 t/ha that is on 10.9% more that the standard.  With the average productivity of green mass the variety ‘Golubka’ produced 8.0 t/ha in the 1-st cutting and 4.9 t/ha in the 2-d, that is on 12.7% and 8.9% lager that that of the standard.  The variety ‘Golubka’ produced 52.8 t/ha green mass for two cuttings and 12.8 t/ha dry matter that is on 11.9% and 10.3% larger than the standard variety ‘Rostovskaya 90’. Seed productivity of the standard variety was 0.23 t/ha on average, the varieties ‘Lyutsiya’ and ‘Selaynka’ gave 0.25 t/ha, the new variety ‘Golubka’ produced 0.29 t/ha, that is on 8.7 and on 26.1% more than the standard.

In the conditions of artificial infectious background of the laboratory of plant immunity and protection (Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy”) there has been conducted an immunologic estimation of hulled barley samples of ARIR collection. There has been estimated resistance to the following pathogens: powdery mildew (pathogen Erysiphegraminis f. hordei), barley net blotch (Pyrenophorateres (Died.) Drechsler [Drechslerateres (Sacc.) Shoemaker]) and barley dark-brown blotch (Bipolaris sorokiniana (Sacc.), Shoemaker [Cochliobolussativus (S. Ito &Kurib) Drechsler ex Dastur, Helminthosporiumsativum Pammel, C.M. King & Bakke]). The study of disease manifestation was done in 2016–2017. The results allow estimating variety resistance in the extreme infectious conditions similar to epiphytotinous conditions. As a result there have been identified the samples ‘Dublet’ (Belorussia), ‘Omsky golozerny 1’ (Russia), ‘К-26648’ (Pakistan), ‘Back CDC’,’CDC VC Ywire’, ‘CDC Dawn’ (Canada), ‘К-3038’ (Dai Mai), ‘Orgeniepetite’ (France), ‘NB-OWA’ (Nepal) and others that showed resistance and slight susceptibility to powdery mildew. The samples ‘Back CDC’, ‘Bowman’ (Canada), ‘84469/70’, ‘К-303’ (Dai Mai), ‘Dublet’ (Belorussia), Brunее (Ethiopia), ‘Orgeniepetite’ (France) and others showed resistance to barley net blotch. The samples ‘Dublet’, ‘Omsky golozerny 1’,  ‘Omsky golozerny 2’, ‘Yudinsky 1’, ‘К-26648’, ‘84469/70’, ‘Orgeniepetite’, ‘CDC Dawn’, ‘NB-OWA’, ‘К-3038’, ‘CDC VC Ywire’, ‘E.E.B.N.46’ demonstrated a complex resistance to both pathogens and they are recommended for use in the breeding programs on immunity.

The terms of winter wheat treatment against brown rust pathogens (PucciniareconditeRob. exDesmf. sp. tritici) can greatly differ depending on climatic conditions and applied materials. The question is not studied enough for the Tambov region. In the production brown rust control fungicides are often used at the early periods of plant development (tillering, stem-extension stage). It makes the second treatment necessary as the preparation effect finishes at the maximum manifestation of disease (plant development phase-milky ripeness of kernels). In the Tambov region, the first pustules of brown rust appear on winter wheat plants in the beginning of the earing phase. This period occurs at the end of May/beginning of June. It is logical to assume that the maximum suppression of the disease on wheat will be achieved by spraying precisely at these times. To test this assumption, the field trials were conducted using the preparations ‘Reks duo’ and ‘Abakus’. They were used in the stem-extension stage and earing phase of winter wheat. Biological efficiency of fungicide spraying in earing phase of wheat was significantly larger (98.2–98.8%). Application of fungicides spraying in stem-extension stage was 85.6-86.5%. The amount of the saved yield was 0.60–0.81 t/ha (14.2–19.1%). Maximum values of winter wheat productivity (5.05 t/ha) was obtained when the preparation ‘Abakus’ was applied in earing phase. Wheat treatment by the preparations ‘Reks duo’ and ‘Abakus’ in earing phase was found more economically profitable, and the level of profitability was 130.9 and 55.0%, in stem-extension stage it was 109.2 and 35.4% respectively. The results of the trials showed that fungicides spraying in earing phase is the most optimal.