The rice-growing in Kazakhstan Pre-Aralie faces some problems because the region has a harsh continental climate and significant salty soils. However the varieties of local breeding with high productivity and great resistance to abiotic stressors are not resistant to biotic factors, which results in the decrease of their productive potential. In Kazakhstan rice productivity is on average from 4 to 5 t/ha and according to rice farmers it’s possible to increase its productivity due to introducing the new highly productive varieties and intensification of rice-growing. The ecologic trials of foreign, mostly Russian, varieties have been carrying out in Kazakhstan Pre-Aralie since 2010. 29 Russian varieties, 3 Uzbek varieties, 6 varieties of China, Italy and Turkey and 6 varieties of Kazakhstan have been tested. The standard variety is the local zoned variety ‘Marzhan’. The three-year results showed that the varieties ‘Lastochka’, ‘Tsaryn’, ‘VNIIR 10177’ and ‘Ivushka’ possessed the better yields and adaptive abilities to the local growing conditions of the Russian variety. These varieties are suggested and approved to use as an initial material for rice-breeding and they should be given to the State Variety Testing of MA RK to implement into production after its testing.

The purpose of the study is the assessment of middle-early varieties of spring wheat on productivity and parameters of adaptability. The material of the researches was presented by five middle-early varieties of spring wheat, which had been tested in the northern forest-steppe part of the Tumen region. The environmental indexes showed that the most favourable conditions for the growth and development of spring wheat varieties were in 2011, the worst conditions were in 2012 and 2013. On average the varieties ‘Novosibirskaya 31’, ‘Tumenskaya 30’, sown in fallow lands and the variety ‘Tumenskaya 30’, sown after wheat were the best ones with their productivity of 5,45 t/ha and 4,57 t/ha respectively. The varieties sown in fallow showed the highest realization of their potential (72.2%). All varieties had the large change of the productivity and they showed a low stress tolerance regardless of the ancestor. The variety ‘Tumenskaya 30’ (-2.94), sown in fallow and the variety ‘Iren’(-2.77), sown after wheat showed the best stress resistance. The varieties ‘Novosibirskaya 15’, ‘Novosibirskaya 29’ and ‘Novosibirskaya 31’ can be characterized as ecologically plastic. The variety ‘Iren’ (sown after wheat) has a slight response to the change of conditions (bi = 0.88), the variety ‘Tumenskaya 30’(sown after wheat) is more intensive (bi = 1.17). The varieties ‘Novosibirskaya 31’ and ‘Tumenskaya 30’ showed the highest general adaptability. According to the complex assessment on productivity and parameters of adaptability, the varieties ‘Novosibirskaya 31’ (sown after wheat) and ‘Tumenskaya 30’ (sown in fallow) are the best varieties.  

The use of highly productive varieties, adapted to the local soil-climatic conditions takes an essential place in the complex of measures on crop productivity increase. At present a large number of chickpea varieties have been developed. All of them have different morphologic traits, biologic properties and various reactions to the growing conditions in the Crimea. Thus, it’s necessary to study adaptive properties of the varieties in the conditions of steppe Crimea for the further recommendation for their production. For some years we studied the chickpea varieties in the conditions of steppe Crimea. These are the varieties of Selection-genetic Institute (Odessa), of Institute of Agricultural Industry (Lugansk) and Krasnograd Experimental Station of the Grain Institute (Kharkov) and the variety of Israel breeding. According to the researches conducted in 2012-2014, we developed the chickpea varieties with good adaptability to the conditions of steppe Crimea and they can be recommended for a broad use in production of this territory. The experiments with different chickpea varieties in the conditions of steppe Crimea have shown, that the variety ‘Aleksandrit’ (with the average productivity of 1.35 t/ha) is the most productive variety among red-grain varieties (type Desi, variety transcaucasio-bruneo-violaceum). The variety ‘Dobrobut’ (with the average productivity of 1.46 t/ha) is the most productive variety among middle-grain varieties (type Kabuli, variety bogemico-allutaceum). The variety ‘Budzhak’ (with the average productivity of 1.26 t/ha) is the most productive variety among large-grain varieties (type Kabuli, variety turcico-carneum).  

During the years 2013-2014 the laboratory of plant-breeding of Institute of Plant-Growing named after V.Ya. Yuriev carried out researches in a long-term (42 years) nine fallow-grain-plowing crop rotation sequences with the following rotation of cultures: ‘black’ fallow – winter wheat – sweet beetroot – spring wheat – peas – winter wheat – maize for grain, soybean – spring wheat – sunflower. The article presents the study results of response of durum spring wheat varieties on yield formation depending on precipitations and daily average temperatures growing in a long-term crop rotation. It has been determined that it’s necessary to plant durum spring wheat after maize for grain and soybean to get high yields and after sweet beetroot to level the negative conditions of the year. The vegetation period of the year 2014 was more favourable for high yields of durum spring wheat (3.55–5.70 t/ha), but in the dry conditions with high temperatures of the year 2013, the productivity of the crop (depending on the variety and ancestor) was 0.86-2.00 t/ha because of.  

The article has presented the analysis of varietal sowings in the Orenburg region during 2009-2013. It has estimated the change of a share of varietal and row sowings of millet. The analysis of the areas of various categories of millet sowings has determined a range of the share of varietal and row sowing on the general area, which was connected with availability of basic varietal seed material. During the 5-year period the share of varietal sowings ranged between 64.1-72.9 %. The article has given a volume of original and basic sowing material production in FSBSI “Orenburg RIA” and FSTI “Sovetskaya Rossiya”. Each year from 2400 to 3500 species of millet are subject to selection and culling. This amount of selected varieties provides the production of basic seed of Orenburg breeding with sufficient amounts. The assessment of categories of used seed material on the parts of the Orenburg region has been given. In the Orenburg region the sowing material of millet is presented with 0.4 th. htw of original seeds (3.5% of the whole amount of sown seeds), 0.3 th. htw of basic seeds (2.7%), 0,2 th. htw of seeds of the 1-st reproduction (1.8%), 0,1 th. htw of seeds of the 2-nd reproduction (0.9%), 1.3 th. htw of seeds of the 3-d reproduction (11.5%) and 5.1 th. htw of seeds of the mass reproduction (45.1%). It is necessary to increase the areas of varietal sowings of millet and to improve quality of sowing material for more efficient grain production.  

The article presents an analysis of productivity of the present varieties of durum spring wheat in the steppe part of Orenburg Pre-Urals during 2005-2014. The peculiarities of effect of moisture conditions on the change of productivity and technological properties of wheat have been estimated. In the dry years there was a decrease of grain mass, content of protein and gluten quality. The varieties of Samara breeding showed the largest decrease of test weight, and the varieties of Orenburg breeding showed the smallest decrease. The varieties of Samara breeding showed the smallest decrease of protein contents in grain. The varieties of Ukraine breeding showed the most negative effect of dry conditions on their properties. In the dry years in comparison with the wet years there is an increase of the total vitreousness. The varieties of Ukraine and Samara breeding showed the largest increase of it. It is necessary to use the varieties which were found less depressive to dry conditions for more efficient grain production. If the studied varieties are cultivated under limited conditions of GOST in the steppe of Orenburg Pre-Urals, the grain production of 1-3 class can be obtained.  

The article has presented the results of study, carried out in Preduralsky and Zauralskaya steppe zone of Bashkortostan during 2011-2015. The soil of the steppe zones was lime (calcareous) black earth (chernozem). The thermal environmental regime, the presence of moisture and nutrients in the root zone of the soil were the most essential factors in the period of vegetation. It has been established that potash and phosphate fertilizers promote the increase of grain crop resistance to diseases. It has been determined that the yield formation largely depends on the level of potential soil fertility and an amount of fertilizers. The main sources of nitrogen plant feed (ammonium and nitrate) are of equal value if there are favourable conditions for their digestion. Insufficient temperature and definite soil humidity in the early spring intensified the ammonification and there was a slight increase of ammonia in the soil till the end of tillering. All phases of the crops development were accompanied by the protection against pests using a range of measures. The efficient methods of decrease of grain crop infection by the method of seed disinfection with chemicals together with biologic drugs have been shown; the creation of tank mixtures was also an efficient method while sprinkling during the vegetation period. The groups of dangerous pests have been estimated which are the most harmful for grain crops in the steppe zones of the Republic and the measures of fighting with them have been determined.  

The choice of the variety is one of the main methods of soft winter wheat productivity increase. The trials have been carried out by the staff of the laboratory of crop cultivation technologies in the Orlovsky region in the eastern part of the Rostov region on the experimental fields of OOO ‘Niva’. The experimental plot was of dark-chestnut soil of medium capacity and with weak alkalinity. According to the texture, heavy loam soils with the content of physical clay of 60-75% contain average phosphorus and potassium. The content of humus in the layer of 0-20 cm is between 2.5-3.1%. The objects of study were the varieties of soft winter wheat of FSBSI ARRIGC named after I.G. Kalinenko. They are ‘Rostovchanka 3’, ‘Rostovchanka 5’, ‘Don 107’, ‘Stanichnaya’, ‘Tanais’, ‘Ermak’, ‘Asket’, ‘Izyuminka’, ‘Donskoy Surpriz’, ‘Lidiya’ and ‘Nakhodka’. The study was carried out in the years 2012-2014 which were different in moisture supply. The year 2012-2013 was dry, but the year 2013-2014 was the most favorable due to amount of precipitations, therefore the productivity of the crop varied in these years. On average the largest productivity have been produced by such varieties as ‘Rostovchanka 5’(3.37 t/ha), ‘Stanichnaya’(3.37 t/ha), ‘Tanais’(3.31 t/ha), ‘Ermak’(3.38 t/ha), ‘Asket’(3.50 t/ha), ‘Izyuminka’(3.38 t/ha), ‘Donskoy Surpriz’(3.33 t/ha), ‘Lidiya’(3.63 t/ha) and ‘Nakhodka’(3.39 t/ha). The variety ‘Asket’ showed the most amount of protein (15.6%) and gluten (34.6%) on average during the years of study. The varieties ‘Don 107’ (749 g/l) and ‘Izyuminka’ (748 g/l) showed the best quality of grain.  

The main trends of the breeding of new corn hybrids in ARRIGC are the breeding of the hybrids with tolerance to drought, high water yielding capacity of the grain during ripening, high contents of starch in grain, breeding for ensilage and green forage. For each trend of the breeding process there was developed and introduced such new initial material as self-pollinated lines and populations. The new drought tolerant lines ‘КV 498’, ‘КS 311’, ‘Zp 498А’, ‘DK 655’ and others have been created possessing little residual water deficit (7.9 – 9.2 %) during flowering and its slight increase (up to 9.3 – 10.1 %) in the phase of milky-wax ripeness when the drought becomes stronger. They have been included into the program of hybridization on the breeding of drought tolerant corn hybrids. The new self-pollinated lines ‘ZS 226’, ‘ZS 123’, ‘ZS 121’, ‘КV 263’, ‘ZS 244’ with intensive drying of grain (more than 1% per day) while maturing have been developed for the breeding of the corn hybrids with a low harvesting moisture content of grain. The initial material ‘Assiniboine’, ‘Pima indians’, ‘Dalnevostochnaya mestnaya’, ‘Kanadskaya mestnaya’, etc. with 69.0 – 72.8 % starch in grain was introduced for the breeding of corn hybrids of the kind of Zea mays amylaceae with a high contents of starch in grain. The self-pollinated generations I2 of the subspecies Zea mays ceratina ‘57/1’, ‘55/1’, ‘197/1’, ‘170/1’, ‘188/1’, ‘20/5’ with 69.2 – 70.3 % of amylopectin starch in grain have been developed. The tall, well-leafy self-pollinated lines ‘КV 399’, ‘КV 469’, ‘КV 272’ have been chosen for the breeding on ensilage and green forage. Due to the use of the new initial material there have been selected drought tolerant corn hybrids. They are ‘Zernogradsky 282 MV’, ‘Zernogradsky 288 MV’, ‘Zernogradsky 354 MV’ with a high contents of starch, rapidly drying ‘Zernogradsky 242 MV’ and ‘Zernogradsky 404 AMV’ for silage.  

The article deals with the results of the assessment of breeding material of soft winter wheat with the use of such express methods of evaluation as SDS-sedimentation and analysis of gliadin electrophoregrams. The purpose of our research is to estimate genetic potential according to grain quality and soft winter wheat tolerance to frost (contribution of prolamins), and to assess real quality of grain (realized in the definite field conditions) using the indexes of SDS-sedimentation. Electrophoresis of prolamin proteins of grain (gliadins) has been carried out with the standard method on a starch gel. SDS-sedimentation has been done according to science-practical recommendations, developed in FSBSI ARRIGC after I.G. Kalinenko. The phased approach allows forming a necessary amount of the samples with good, high and excellent grain quality for the farms of competitive variety testing. It can be proved and characterized by the conventional but difficult technologic methods, which allow the farmers to choose promising, competitive varieties with high quality and productivity when sending them for the State variety testing. The conducted researches showed that in the competitive variety testing the main quantity of the samples of soft winter wheat of intensive type possessed high quality of grain in SDS-sedimentation and complied with the valuable and strong wheat. The promising varieties ‘Kipchak’, ‘Bonus’, ‘Kazachka’, ‘Luchezar’, ‘Aksiniya’ and ‘Nakhodka’ possess the high grain quality. The basic amount of the samples of soft winter wheat of half-intensive type has good, high and excellent grain quality. The promising varieties ‘Admiral’, ‘Krasa Dona’, ‘Kapitan’, ‘Kaprizulya’ and ‘Lilit’ showed the quality of the grain of valuable and strong wheat during the period. For the last years 12 varieties of soft winter wheat developed in ARRIGC after I.G. Kalinenko (‘Admiral’, ‘Krasa Dona’, ‘Kapitan’, ‘Kaprizulya’, ‘Lilit’, ‘Kipchak’, ‘Bonus’, ‘Kazachka’, ‘Luchezar’, ‘Aksiniya’, ‘Lidiya’ and ‘Nakhodka’) were sent to SVT. All commercial and promising varieties of soft winter wheat have a high estimation of allele contents of gliadins. These varieties have no gliadins which negatively effect on grain quality; many of them have Gld1D7-allelle, which positively effect on frost tolerance.  

Due to the increasing aridity during the vegetation, productivity of fodder crops is unstable in the last years, and does not meet the cattle needs in rich feed. We can solve the problem by increasing the areas with grass sorghum, which is a promising crop for obtaining green mass and hay. The article has given the study results of productivity and assessment of bio energetic efficiency of cultivation of new varieties of Sudan grass and sorghum-Sudan hybrids. The field trials were conducted from 2011 till 2015 in the laboratory of breeding of fodder sorghum of FSBSI ARRICG after I.G. Kalinenko. In the field trials the soil consisted of chernozem (black soil), carbonate, heavy-loamy, with a humus content in arable layer (3,5%). During the years of study the average productivity of the new variety ‘Krasava’ was 48,8 t/ha of green mass, 11,7 t/ha of dry matter , which was on 15,6% and 14,7% higher than the productivity of the standard variety ‘Aleksandrina’. The productivity of the sorghum-Sudan hybrid ‘Germes’ was 58,6 t/ha of green mass and 13,3 t/ha of dry matter, which was on 9,9% and 9,05 higher than the productivity of the standard hybrid ‘Gustolistny’. The variety ‘Krasava’ and the hybrid ‘Germes’ produced the largest yield of fodder units (10,25 and 12,81 t/ha), digestible protein (0,707 and 0,885t/ha), energy (118,17 and 135,13 GJ/ha), coefficient of energetic efficiency (4,14 and 4,61).  

The article has presented the results of the comparative analysis of rice productivity in the Rostov region and FSTI “Proletarskoe” and weather conditions in the period of rice vegetation from May to September. Due to the correlation and regressive analysis we have determined the effect of the amount of biologically active air temperatures (BAT) and the amount of precipitations during rice growing on its productivity. The researches and statistic processing of the yield data have been done among five rice-growing parts of the Rostov region. The data about rice production were received from the Ministry of Agriculture and Food of the Rostov region. The samples of the control farm were studied in the laboratory of rice-growing in ARRIGC. The interrelation of rice productivity, temperature regime and precipitations during the vegetation period were analyzed from 2001 till 2015. The results of the study showed that the air temperature during the vegetation period greatly influenced on rice productivity, and increased it on 0.32-0.34 t/ha with the improvement of heat supply on every 100ºС. The precipitations negatively influenced on rice productivity. Every 100 mm of them reduced rice productivity on 0.74 t/ha in the Rostov region and on 0,68 t/ha in “Proletarskoe”. As the climate in the Rostov region became dryer and hotter during the last years, it became possible to grow the varieties with longer period of vegetation, than before. Thus the choice of the varieties and agrotechnical methods of their cultivation in the Rostov region should be directed to the efficient use of temperature resources, especially at the beginning and at the end of the vegetation period.  

According to the study of more than 1000 genotypes of soft spring wheat from the world collection of IPI grown in the conditions of isolated infectious farm in the village of Michurinsky (the Novosibirsk region, Western Siberia) we developed 80 reliable sources of Lr, Sr and Pm-genes of resistance and combination of genes (of specific and age resistance), which can be interesting as an initial material to migrating diseases (brown rust and powdery mildew) on the territory of the Novosibirsk region. The study of resistance to brown rust was carried out with the artificial infection and the study of resistance to stem rust and powdery mildew was carried out with the natural provocative infection. We could find the sources of the new efficient genes because of the change in a set of the pathogens on the territory of the region and due to a loss of resistance to brown rust among the varieties with previous highly efficient gene Lr9 and their heavy infection with stem rust and powdery mildew. Such sources of the efficient genes as from Lr to Aegilops speltoides (с Lr28, Lr35/Sr39, Lr47), Lr48, Lr49, LrAg.i./PmAg.i, LrKu/PmKu, LrBel/PmBel, Lr24/Sr24, Lr19/Sr25+Lr26/Sr31, Lr13+Lr37/Sr38+Sr36+Sr2, Pm6+Pm3d+Pm1; Pm6+Pm4b+Pm3d+Pm2; Pm4b+Pm5+Pm1; Pm4b+Pm5 Pm4b+Pm3d have a special value for acquiring of the crop immunity to these pathogens.  

In spite of the existing bans of rice straw burning, that have objective reasons (lack of technical means for mincing and plowing of straw) during the whole period of domestic production, this way of rice straw utilization remains the only possible one. However, the short-term and long-term consequences of the methods of removing of the grain part of the yield from the fields remain unsolved. The article has presented the data about the change of soil temperature regime during rice straw burning. The researches carried out in ‘Maryanskoe’ (Krasnoarmeysky region, Krasnodar Area) showed that burning of 8.2-9.3 tons of straw per ha increases soil temperature up to 590-630°С. The speed of temperature increase is of 470°С a minute, in some periods it is more than 50°С a second. The subsequent decrease of temperature runs more smoothly, after 130°С (in the period of smoldering ash) it decreases slower. However, even such high temperatures do not heat soil more than 25°С at the studied depths. Even in the upper layer of the soil (0-2 cm) the humus does not burn, and on the surface of the soil there is incompletely burnt debris of stalks, fine particles of straw and husk. Increase of the depth from the surface of soil the response to the temperature stress was more continuous, and the temperature increase itself was less noticeable. On the depth of 4,6,8 and 10 cm the maximum heat of the soil was 3.1-3.9, 2.0-2.2, 1.1-1.2 and 0.2-0.3°С respectively.

The article has presented the data about the history of agriculture in Yakutiya; it has shown the dynamics of cultivated areas growth before the Great Patriotic War; it has given the information about the amount of the breeding work fulfilled in the mentioned period by the researchers of the Yakutsk state breeding station. The article has established direct and indirect reasons of decrease in that branch of plant-growing, which started in the 50s of the previous century and are continued till present days. The authors have suggested the methods of productivity increase of grain crops, based on intensification of production, stronger focus on the problems of plant protection. The article has presented the data on harmfulness of leaf diseases, Oscinella frit, Oscinella pusilla and different weeds. Efficiency of protective measures in production has been shown in the article. The necessity of rational use of nature resources, strengthening of the material-technical base, implementation of the achievements of science-technical progress with participation of scientists and use of adaptive intensification have been considered in the paper.  

The article has given the study results of wheat and soybean response to mineral fertilizers and defecates. The researches revealed that defecate influenced on the height of soybean formation, increasing the amount of beans through the optimization of losses. It has been determined that 1 ton of defecate per ha formed bean productivity with fertilizing of 60 kg/ha. The joint application of mineral fertilizers and defecate did not give the seed productivity increase in comparison with their separate application, because they formed an excessive vegetative mass and gave insufficient formation of generative plant organs. The effect of defecate and its efficiency increases with deepening of the arable layer of soil. Due to the application of defecate and fertilizers during soil plowing on 35 cm, the root system of the crop developed more intensively and formed higher yields. It has been estimated that the application of 1.0 ton of defecate per ha during three years gave the wheat increase of 2.6 t/ha, the soybean increase of 3.5 t/ha on average and the income for this period was 9700 rub/ha (the prices of 2013). The application of defecate with the increase of the arable layer of soil to 35-40 cm gave the productivity increase of the crops in comparison with the standard: in 2011 the wheat productivity increased on 2.2 t/ha; in 2012 the buckwheat productivity increased on 3.3 t/ha; in 2013 the soybean productivity increased on 2.1 t/ha. The application of defecate in the field crop rotation is economically more profitable than the application of fertilizers because of its significant difference in cost.  

Introduction of innovative technologies and crop rotation is agrotechnological and ecological basis for productivity growth and stability. Due to the proper crop rotation in the soil the amount of organic matter increases, the nutritional elements accumulate, biologic processes become active and all these increase productivity and quality of the product in 1.5-2 times. The article has presented the study results of the effect of crop rotation, type of soil, use of fertilizers on productivity of grain crops and change of the elements of soil fertility in the western part of the Central Russia. The trials have been conducted at the experimental field of Smolensk Agricultural Academy on the sod-strongly-podzolic and medium-podzolic medium-loamy soils with the six crop rotation sequences (cropped fallow, winter grain crops, spring grain crops, lupine, potato, spring grain crops). The crop rotation was started in 1992, from that time there has been four rotation sequences. The initial material consisted of new and promising varieties of grain crops, approved to use in the Central Russia. The agro machinery was conventional for the area (nechernozemnaya zone). All the researches were done according to the conventional methods and GOSTs. Agroclimatic conditions of the years differed in the temperature regimes and the amount of precipitations, that allowed estimating the effect of the agro methods on soil fertility and productivity of grain crops. The researches of the years 1992-2015 showed that four crop rotation sequences on the sod-strongly-podzolic and sod-medium-podzolic medium-loamy soils without the use of fertilizers increased the contents of humus on 0.17%, readily  hydrolysable nitrogen on 21 mg/kg, available phosphorus on 37 mg/kg, exchangeable potassium on 28 mg/ha; when the fertilizers were used the contents of these element increased on 0.32%, 20 mg/kg, 40 mg/kg, 74 mg/kg of soil respectively. On average the productivity of the grain crops on the sod-medium-podzolic soil was 4.76 t/ha, which excessed the productivity on the sod-strongly-podzolic soil on 0.74 t/ha. The application of the fertilizers in the crop rotation increased the productivity of the crops on 2.67 t/ha.  

The diseases of fusarium etiology annually damage agricultural crops, decreasing their yields and quality of products. Fusarium of a head is the most dangerous. The disease decreases the plant productivity and makes grain unsuitable for food and feed purposes. Many countries face the problem to grow the crops free of mycotoxins, resulted from the existence of the fungi of Fusarium type. Grain crop cultivation, resistant to the infection with the fungi can be a good solution of the problem. But there are only a few crops tolerant to the disease. Their resistance to the pathogens does not remain permanent and constantly decreases because of new virulent strains and the change of the varietal composition of the pathogens. For this reason, it’s very urgent to develop and screen the chemicals, which are effective against fusarium infection. The field trials of new and applied in production means of plant protection allow estimating their efficiency. As it takes a really long time, it’s possible to use the method of agar plates to speed the chemicals testing. The method is not as precise as the trials because of the absence of the first component in the system of correlation ‘plant-pathogen-fungicide’. But it allows estimating the efficiency of fungicide to pathogenic fungi. The application of the method of agar plates gave the opportunity to establish the most efficient (90,1-100,0 %) chemicals to the fungi of Fusarium acuminatum, F. culmorum and F. sporotrichioides; they are ‘Sportak’, ‘Optimo’, ‘Falkon’, ‘Folokur’ and ‘Fundazol’. The first of them was the most effective (97.2 -100.0 %) against all studied types of fungi. The method can be used for preliminary evaluation of fungicides and resistance of the fungi of Fusarium type to them.  

Unfavourable phyto sanitary situation in the republic of Buryatia, connected with a growth of infected grain crops, including rots, needs study of seed disinfectors. Eight varieties of spring wheat zoned in Buryatia have been studied. According to the laboratory experiments the share of infected sprout on the control variants was above admissible harmfulness (from 17 to 36%). After disinfection with ‘Tebu-60’, ME and ‘Skarlet’, ME the level of seed infection with phyto pathogens decreased to 2-8%. However, the treatment with the disinfectors suppressed the development of coleoptile and roots. The experiments showed the difference of physiological response of spring wheat varieties on drugs. The article has presented the study results of the influence of disinfection with ‘Tebu-60’ and ‘Skarlet’ on the seed infection, germination and development of germinal organs of five varieties of barley. The seed infection significantly decreased after disinfection, especially after the use of ‘Tebu-60’. The disinfector ‘Tebu-60’ showed the strongest phyto toxic property and ‘Skarlet’ showed the weakest one. Biologic productivity of the spring wheat variety ‘Buryatskaya ostistaya’ was 2.42 t/ha without the application of disinfectors. The productivity of the grain crop after disinfection with ‘Tebu-60’, ME was the similar to the control. The drug ‘Skarlet’, ME increased wheat productivity on 0.41 t/ha. The wheat variety ‘Lyutestsens 937’ and the barley variety ‘Krasnoyarsky 80’ are the most resistant to phyto toxic effect of the disinfectors.  

Novozybkovskaya Agricultural Station ARRI of RAA carried out long-term trials in the four-field crop rotation, started in 1993, on the radioactive polluted sod-podzolic loose sandy soils. It studied the effects of different fertilizers used both separately and together with pesticides and the growth regulator ‘Gumistim’ on productivity and quality of oats grain. An effective fertilizing system, which promotes stable productivity and high quality of grain in the conditions of radioactive pollution, has been found. The highest productivity (2.79 t/ha) was obtained after application of organic-mineral fertilizing system together with pesticides and the growth regulator ‘Gumistim’. The contents of raw protein in oats grain varied to a greater extent due to meteorological conditions during the vegetation period and to a lesser extent due to intensification of the fertilizing system. On average during the years of study the index was rather high (10.07-13.89%). The studied fertilizing systems, used both separately and together with other chemicals, promoted the increase of protein in oats grain. Under the influence of chemicals the biochemical composition of oats has improved. The contents of raw fat in grain varied from 3.55 to 4.40%, raw ash from 2.6 to 3.2%, sugar from 3.1 to 4.8%, starch from 52.8 to 53.8%, the contents of raw fiber decreased from 11.06 to 9.31%. Organic-mineral and mineral fertilizing systems (N110P40K100) together with pesticides and the growth regulator ‘Gumistim’ promote the increase of essential amino acids in grain. Organic and mineral fertilizers decreased the contents of 137Cs (taken from soil) in the yield of oats grain. The decrease of the level of 137Cs to the normal was noticed after the complex application of chemicals. The mineral fertilizing system together with the means of plant protection and the fertilizer (N165P60K150 + ‘Gumistim’) gave the largest reduce of the 137Cs concentration.