Winter wheat is the most important food crop in Russia, having significant value in grain production. It uses bioclimatic potential of the regions better and gives stable grain harvests. The basic purpose of the farmers is to get better harvests of winter wheat with high technological properties. The complex of agricultural methods for winter wheat is determined by the predecessor. It influences on soil fertility and on moisture reserves in a root zone. Such scientists as N.N. Borodin (1976), I.G. Kalinenko (1979), V.A. Alabushev (1987), I.I. Galichenko (2011) and others recon that ‘black’ fallow ground gives the highest harvests of winter wheat, as it largely supplies plants with water and nutrients, improves phytosanitary conditions, reduces soil weediness. The tasks of primary importance are to develop and improve optimal technological methods of winter wheat growing with the best predecessors. The problem is to find the best correlation between ‘black’ fallow and cropped fallow that will guarantee to get high productivity of winter wheat. It is established that the best predecessor of winter wheat is weedfree fallow. The productivity of the crop after weedfree fallow was higher on 1,27 t/ha compared with non-fallow predecessors.

The parameters of ecological plasticity and stability of the trait ‘mass of 1000 seeds’ of soft winter wheat cultivars under conditions of provocative background (‘zasushnik’) have been considered in the paper. Stress tolerance, genetic versatility and homeostasis of the trait have been studied as well. During the study the cultivar ‘Don’ and ‘Spartak’ showed a low coefficient of variability of the trait, V=20,3% and V=20,1% respectively. All cultivars’ coefficient of line regression (bi) was determined which is more than one, indicating that mass of 1000 seeds tends to increase at better growing conditions. The cultivars ‘Don 95’, ‘Don 107’, ‘Lidiya’, ‘Marafon’, ‘Don 107’, ‘Don 95’ and ‘Don 93’ showed ecological stability of the trait ‘mass of 1000 seeds’. During the study the cultivars ‘Lidiya’, ‘Don 107’, ‘Don 95’ and ‘Don 93’ showed the highest stress tolerance. The cultivars ‘Don 93’ and ‘Spartak’ showed stability of the trait ‘mass of 1000 seeds’ when the growing conditions changed.

In Moscow Selection center seven new spring wheat varieties were selected during the last 20 years, which are able to give the harvest of 3,5 – 4,0 t/ha of high quality food grain during the years with various moisture. New varieties ‘Lada’, ‘Amir’, ‘MIS Ester’, ‘Zlata’, ‘Aestina’ and ‘Lyubava’ selected by Nemchinovka are more tolerant to biotic and abiotic stressors. The grain of the varieties contains 15-16 % of protein and 29-31 % of gluten which is characteristic only for strong wheat. Quality of gluten is rather high (48-76 un. of GSm), ‘baking strength’ of the flour is high (295-374 a.p.), the bread volume of 946-1047 cm3 determines high bakery advantages. These varieties are widely extended (on more than 2,5 ml ha) in such regions as Northern, North-Westen, Central, Volga-Vyatsky and Middle-Volga. In this regard Central Chernozemie is becoming a region of high qualitative food grain production.

The experiments revealed the effect of the year of spring barley cultivation upon preservation of laboratory germination during storage. The seeds of spring barley varieties ‘Novichok’, ‘Lel’, ‘Tandem’ cultivated under contrasting vegetation conditions in Kirov region in 2007-08 have been laid for storage after the first year yield. The studies showed specificity of the barley cultivar according to the ability to preserve seed germination during long storage. The cultivar ‘Lel’ is characterized by the largest potential of biological longevity, which kept seed germination during five years of storage. The varieties differed in the time of seed aging. During all period of storage, laboratory germination of the varieties ‘Lel’, ‘Novichok’ and ‘Tandem’ was reduced on 3,0%, 3,8% and 6,5% respectively. The analysis of weather conditions was carried out during the period of grain ripening. The results of double factor variance analysis showed a significant effect of the factors ‘variety’, ‘year’ and their interaction on safety of laboratory seed germination during long storage. There are some authentic distinctions in germination among the seeds, grown in the years with different growing conditions. The studies showed that barley cultivars have various potential of agronomic longevity. The seeds of variety ‘Tandem’ kept their sowing properties during three years, the seeds of varieties ‘Lel’ and ‘Novichok’ kept their sowing properties during four-five years. It’s necessary to take into account the peculiarities of the cultivars and conditions of plant germination in the year of yield if the seeds are laid for a long storage.

Grain sorghum is basically a forage crop, so a content of nutrients should be controlled during hybridization. Fat is a reserved substance which is considered to be a concentrated energetic and constructional force of a seed. Cellulose is the second significant grain polysaccharide after starch and it’s incorporated into cell walls. Increased content of cellulose in grain reduces nutritious value of forage.  Having analyzed domination degree, calculated by B. Griffing, we determined that cultivars of the first generation of grain sorghum which were hybridized on diallel scheme 4x4 with parent forms ‘Belozernoe 100’, ‘ZSK-4’, ‘34045’ and ‘Otbor 100’, inherited types of crude fat and raw cellulose differently. In the most hybrids we saw average content of crude fat relevant to parent forms. As for content of raw cellulose hybrids of the first generation showed dominance of the larger value of the trait and overdominance.  Despite the overdominance of the trait all the analyzed hybrids had a low content of cellulose (1,52-1,89%).

In the conditions of Republic of Udmurtiya we studied productivity, bakery properties and phytosanitary condition of spring wheat. All studied varieties are included into Governmental register and approved to use in the fourth region. Such varieties as ‘Krasnoufimskaya 100’, ‘Margarita’ and ‘Simbiezit’ showed permanent productivity of during six years of research (1,75 t/ha, 1,97 t/ha and 1,7 t/ha respectively in average). The productivity depended on mass of 1000 seeds and from ear productivity.  A strong dependence between productivity and mass of 1000 seeds per ear was noticed (co-efficient of correlation is 0,71). The varieties (except ‘Simbircit’) possess good bakery properties, relevant to market grain of the 3-d class. In average, the grain yield was 698-752 g/l; general glassiness was 55-70%; content of raw gluten was 27-31%. In Udmurtiya spring wheat is annually infected with root rot, leaf rust and septoriosis. The variety ‘Irgina’ possesses the strongest annual root rot infection; the rate of infection at the end of vegetation was 28%, which is twice higher than economic level of harmfulness. Emergence of leaf rust and septoriosis depended on weather conditions. In average, during six years of study there were 9,5-13,3% of the varieties infected by leaf rust and 16..26% infected by septoriosis. All the varieties were infected in the same way. All the varieties have no significant differences in the level of infection. The most sensitive to powdery mildew was the variety ‘Irgina’ (17,5%), all the rest were infected on 3,1-7,2%.

Barley varieties cultivated in Voronezh region satisfy the recommendations of Governmental Variety Testing Commission of RF only on 54,7%. Varieties ‘Vakula’ and ‘Priazovsky 9’ occupy 40% of barley wedge area. The area under “Gelios UA’, ‘Beatris’, ‘Talovsky 9’ is intensively being expanded, the area under ‘Ursa’, ‘Ksanadu’ and ‘Zhozefin’ is being reduced because of a week drought resistance.  Among brewing varieties such cultivars as ‘Getman’ and ‘Margaret’, ’Priazovsky 9’ and ‘Yasny’, ‘Zernogradets 770’ and ‘Veles’ have been selected on productivity, giving good yields under favourable and dry conditions of vegetation. The varieties ‘Veles’, ’Priazovsky 9’, ‘Vladimir’, ‘Margret’ and ‘Marni’ produce the highest mass of 1000 seeds. During heavy drought the varieties ‘Khadzhibey’, ‘Getman’ and ‘Marni’ are characterized with the grain size more than 60%. Brewing varieties that satisfied GOST-5060-86 were not selected. Among forage barley varieties drought tolerant two-row cultivars ‘Nutans 553’ and ‘Talovsky 9’ have the most stable productivity, due to stem density (‘Nutans 553’) and high mass of 1000 seeds (‘Talovsky 9’). The multi-row variety ‘Vakula’ significantly reduces its productivity under unfavourable weather conditions. The variety ‘Zevs’ is characterized by fine (31,4-41,6g) unaligned grain. All two-row varieties, especially ‘Talovsky 9’, possess the largest content of protein. The grain forage varieties ‘Gelios UA’ and ‘Talovsky’ are more suitable for the conditions of Voronezh region. They are more valuable for making mixed fodders and they guarantee stable production in rough continental conditions.

It’s shown that it’s possible to apply selection as an independent method in naked oats hybridization. The variety of naked oats ‘Vyatsky’ was hybridized by the independent method together with negative rejection of hull. The variety ‘Vyatsky’ grown on the variety plots in Kirov region exceeded the standard of productivity on 0,66 t/ha in average. It produced a higher weight of grain 618-647 g/l, mass of 1000 seeds till 30,1 g, with protein content of 16,71% and fat content of 4,38%. The productivity of the variety on the plots in Yaran was 4,65 t/ha, exceeding the standard on 1,35 t/ha. Due to the participation of hulled oats ‘Ulov’ in hybridization the variety ‘Persheron’ was cultivated.  Methodology of the variety ‘Persheron’ cultivation includes hybridization of naked and hulled parent forms, further choice on nakedness, field and laboratory rejections on hull. The new variety possesses high productivity (5,3-6,0 t/ha), mass of 1000 seeds (26-29 g), protein (16,58%) and fat (5,62%) content, and grain volume of 642 g/l. the same methodology is efficient for hulled oats cultivation. The study of inheritance of nakedness by the hybrids received from crossbreeding of the naked variety ‘Torch’ with five hulled genotypes shows the difficulty in selection of constant naked oats either in direct or indirect combinations of hulled and naked genotypes.  Hybridization of constant hulled varieties from the given hybrids is efficient and accumulation of hulled forms occurs more often than that of naked ones. It’s shown that if own breeding material participates in hybridization as female forms, it gives a high percentage of seed setting (till 52,9-56,7 and 71,9%)

Barley is one of the basic grain forage crop. About 80% of the barley yields are used as forage. Russia ranks second in the barley production after the EC-27 countries. The Southern Federal District, where Rostov region is located, produces 15% of total barley production in Russia. The hybridization of varieties tolerant to winter, drought, lodging and diseases is one of the main task of winter barley breeding in All-Russian Research Institute of Grain Crops after I.G. Kalinenko. The article considers morphological and economic-biological characteristics of the new winter barley cultivar ‘Erema’, hybridized in the department of breeding and seed-growing of winter and spring barley of ARRI of Grain Crops after I.G. Kalinenko using the method of intraspecific complex gradual hybridization.  The new cultivar was included in the State Register of Selection Achievements of RF in 2015 for six regions. The variety is used for forage. The type of the development is winter. ‘Erema’ is characterized by high features of winter tolerance, resistance to lodging and productivity. During variety testing (2012-2014) the average productivity of the cultivar was 6,9 t/ha, which was 1,2 t/ha more than the standard variety ‘Master’ produced. Introduction of winter wheat variety ‘Erema’ will allow stabilizing grain production in the south of Russia.

The genes of P.triticina tolerance of the varieties of soft winter wheat have been studied by test-isolators. The experiment was based on Flor’s theory ‘gene for gene’, when a tolerant gene matches virulence. Eleven varieties and promising lines bred by Moscow RIA “Nemchinovka” and seven ones bred in other regions were studied. The study was carried out on twelve monogenic lines with Thather with genes Lr 2a, Lr 2b, Lr 9, Lr 11, Lr 15, Lr 16, Lr 20, Lr 23, Lr 26, Lr 36, Lr 44, Lr 46 and 10 test-isolators with P. triticina with different virulence and of various origin. If its reaction to test-isolator coincides with the reaction of monogenic line of the gene it’s a sign of presence or absence of a definite tolerant gene to P. triticina in the variety. It’s impossible to determine a definite gene if there is a match of reactions to all isolators or there isn’t. The use of PCR-analysis with CSLV 34 allowed identifying some genes. Promising lines ‘Eritrospermum 1066/08’ and ‘Eritrospernum 1068/08’ possess the gene 34, which gives aging stability; ‘Eritrospernum 1068/08’ possesses an additional gene 3a. The varieties ‘Nemchinovskaya 17’ and ‘Nemchinovskaya 24’ possess the gene Lr 9, the varieties ‘Donshchina’ and ‘Snezhana’ possess the gene Lr 26, the variety ‘Doka’ possesses the genes Lr 20 and Lr 23 with an unknown one, the variety ‘Gene’ possesses the gene Lr 46 with two unknown ones.  The varieties ‘Nemchinovskaya 17’ and ‘Nemchinovskaya 24’with the genes Lr 9 and Lr 46, which slow the development of the disease in the field conditions and the varieties KS 93 U11 and KS 93 U50 should be used breeding on tolerance to leaf rust.  The gene Lr 9 was identified by PCR-analysis in F₂ and F₃ of the varieties ‘Nemchinovskaya 17’ and ‘Nemchinovskaya 24’ hybridized with ‘Moskovskaya 40’, having a high content of protein. It showed a possibility to obtain varieties with leaf rust tolerance and high quality.

According to the Concept of governmental policy of healthy food in the Russian Federation the paper considers a necessity to use leguminous crops as a promising source of vegetable protein. The quality of seeds of leguminous crops together with technology and equipment play an important part in gaining high production efficiency. The stabilization of technological parameters of grain properties can be achieved by the choice of proper regimes of preparing processes. Knowing anatomic characteristics, physical and technological properties of grain, it’s possible to increase productive efficiency and to improve quality of products. To decide all the tasks we determined the subject of study. They are the seeds from the collection of genetic resources of leguminous crops cultivated in All-Russian Research Institute of Plant-growing after N.I. Vavilov. The seeds possess well-known traits, allocated sources of valuable traits which are more perspective for use in food technologies. The article gives the results of study of some physical and morphologic traits of such leguminous crops as chickpeas, lentils, soybean and lupine.  The comparative analysis of some qualitative traits which characterize consumer value of seeds has been carried out. Some geometric traits such as a linear grain size, an external surface area, volume, indicator, sphericity, which vary broadly for all mentioned leguminous crops have been analyzed. The results of study of lupine are of great interest because there’s a lack of the data in literature.  The article presents interconnection among different indicators of physical properties of leguminous crops, their effect on the size, which is one of the most important characteristics of consumer value of grain. The influence of physical characteristics of leguminous crops on the velocity of cooking is being discussed.

The results of agrotechnical experiments to determine optimal seeding rate of rice cultivar ‘Kuboyar’ after such predecessors as perennial fallow, ameliorative field and rice after ameliorative field. The scheme of the experiments tended to study five variants: 5,0; 6,5; 8,0; 9,5 and 11,0 ml sprouts per one hectare. The rice was sown with seeding machine SSNP-16. The experimental plots were of 50 m², three consecutive times. The experiments were carried out at the field of FSEF “Proletarskoe” according to the methods of field experiments. It was established that optimal seeding rate after all predecessors was 9,5 ml of sprouts per one hectare or 280-290 kg/ha. A smaller seeding rate doesn’t give any opportunity to realize the potential of the cultivar because of insufficient plant density, and excessive one increases lodging and plant infection, worsens grain quality and reduces productivity. At this rate rice gave the highest yield 8,96 t/ha (sainfoil), 7,75 t/ha (ameliorative field), 6,12 t/ha (perennial fallow) and 4,85 t/ha (rice) during four years of experiments. The structural analysis revealed that density of productive stems gives the highest yield of rice variety ‘Kuboyar’.To receive the productivity of 8,0 and more tons per one hectare it’s necessary to form an optimal stem density with 280-300 panicles per 1 m². Thus, we can increase rice productivity and improve methods of its growing due to optimization of seeding rate.

Sphaerococcum triticale, which has been cultivating by highly-developed ancient civilizations of India, is of great interest for present highly technological agriculture as it possesses a unique combination of high quality of grain and intensive plant habit. Among all wheat varieties shpaerococcum triticale is adapted and adjusted to intensive cultivating technology, large doses of fertilizers, growing under irrigation, combine harvesting and industrial processing. Shpaerococcum triticale exceeds all other wheat varieties even the most popular soft wheat in these traits, especially in lodging tolerance and technological processing of grain into flour. Breeders and scientists of the whole world tried to transfer useful traits of shpaerococcum triticale on soft wheat, but there was no any breeding inside shpaerococcum triticale itself. All reached up to now collection samples of shpaerococcum triticale have come from peninsula Indostan and are presented only by spring varieties. They are not adapted to cultivating technologies and to various diseases, which are characteristic for North-Caucasus of Russia. According to many scientists the second forms of sphaerococcum triticale are often bred from other wheat varieties by mutagenesis. At our institute the interesting variety of winter sphaerococcum triticale KN 4333 was bred by hybridization of winter soft and durum triticales. The form was of great interest for further development and selection as it possesses high quality of grain and more adapted to the local climate due to its genetics. The line KN 4333 became a basis and a founder of breeding of varieties of sphaerococcum triticale. During 25 years of work in Krasnodar RIA after P.P. Lukiyanenko high qualitative intensive varieties of winter  sphaerococcum triticale ‘Sharada’, ‘Praskoviya’ and ‘Eremeevna’ were bred and implemented in industry as they possess high technological trait when processing into flour and groats.

The research of lupine was carried out on grey forestry soil of south-west of Non-Blacksoil of Bryansk region in 2009-2012 to study productivity and basic forage traits of lupine (Lupinus angustifolius) grain and soybean in different crop rotations using various cultivating technologies. The scheme of the experiment consisted of 6 crop rotations (spring rape-lupine (soybean); spring rape-lupine (soybean)-barley; spring rape-lupine (soybean)-barley-winter rape- lupine (soybean)-spring wheat). Each rotation of crops was studied on the background of three technological schemes (alternative, reasonable, intensive) which differ in application of chemicals. In all crop rotations lupine didn’t react on intensification of technologies, showing high productivity even under alternative cultivating technology. Lupine (Lupinus angustifolius) as a crop of northern ecotype can be cultivated in different soil-climatic conditions, in northern parts of Russia, receiving plant raw material with high content of protein with minimum energy expenditures for its production.

There is a great necessity of a set of highly productive, well-adapted, complementary, economically specific and ecologically differentiated crops and varieties to realize agro climatic potential of West Siberia. Soybean is one of them. The volume of soybean production is constantly increasing worldwide. The sowing areas of the crop exceeded 100 ml hectare and continue increasing. During the last years soybean areas in Russia were increased fiftyfold, but the pace of soybean development significantly lags behind the leading countries of the world.

The share of soybean is only one per cent of all worldwide sowings. The sowing areas in Altay Area vary from 10 till 23 thousand of hectare, being 18838 ha in 2014. The paper emphasizes the importance of soybean as a food and fodder crop. It considers the possibilities of its implementation in the conditions of Pre-Ob forest steppe of Altay, the ways of its productivity increase. The paper gives the analysis of varieties, discusses methods, principles and ways of improvement of soybean varieties and total characteristics of the new variety ‘Nadezhda’.

The article considers the study results of the efficiency of organic fertilizer Gumistim for seeds and plants of maize. Three doses of the drug for seed processing have been studied and the optimal one has been established. The most positive effect has been obtained after Gumistim use for seed processing at the dose of 5 l/t and double perfusion of plants with 5-8 leaves by the dose 2 l/ha. Seed processing and non-root top-crossing with Gumistim had a good effect on the growth of maize.  In 2012 a height of hybrid ‘Mashuk 355 MV’ increased on 8 cm, a height of hybrid ‘Beshtau’ – on 6 cm, in 2013 Gumistim use increased the height of hybrid ‘Mashuk 355 MV’ on 7,2 cm, the fertilizer increased vegetation mass of maize. During two years of study we found out that seeding processing by Gumistim (5 l/t) in the period of milky-wax maturity of grain and double non-root top-crossing (2 l/t) increased the green mass of the hybrid ‘Mashuk 355 MV’ on 4,31 t/ha or 8%. Grain productivity of the hybrid increased on 0,63 t/ha or 7,1% in average. Fertilizing ammonium nitrate before sowing maize in the dose N30 increased grain harvest on 0,78 t/ha or 8,8%. Fertilizing of maize with Gumistim is a low-cost mean to increase grain productivity. As for payback of ammonium nitrate in the dose N30 and Gumistim, the organic fertilizer is preferable. Seed and plant processing with Gumistim is economically more profitable, than fertilizing ammonium nitrate in the dose N30 in soil before sowing.

The article considers the study results of development of agro technologies for oats variety ‘Konkur’. The characteristics of oats variety ‘Konkur’ which is recommended for cultivation in seven regions of Russia has been given. The paper substantiates appropriateness of research, based on the analysis of data in literature. The meteorological data obtained during the years of research are given. The paper shows influence of studied elements of cultivation technology of the variety on complete germination, plant safety, weediness, moisture reserves in soil during vegetation period and dynamics of content of flexible forms NPK in 0-30 cm.  It has been established the complete germination is significantly influenced by predecessor. The plant safety largely depended on seeding rate. Moisture conditions were favourable enough for growth and harvest formation of studied oats varieties. Weeds didn’t influence a lot on obtained results. There was the largest content of nitrate nitrogen on fertilized areas at the beginning of vegetation. The paper gives study results about the effect of predecessors, ways of tillage, mineral fertilizing and seeding rates on productivity and economic efficiency of oats variety ‘Konkur’. It’s been shown that predecessor and fertilizers influenced a lot on productivity of the variety. The primary tillage effected productivity as well. The difference of productivity depending on seeding rate was as a rule within experimental error. The studied variety showed the best economic characteristics after peas with fine tillage. The variety had the best economic effect after spring wheat on plowed fertilized soil.

The results of determining more optimal and economically efficient system of mineral nutrition and the best predecessor for oats grown in the North Steppe of Ukraine have been considered in the paper. It’s been established that optimization of oats mineral nutrition helped to increase stem density on 0,7-6,5% in average. The plants grown after winter wheat possessed the highest quantity of seeds per panicle (31,8-43,0 p.). The grain variant N40P40K40 + N30 (top-dressing) + Reacom-SR-Grain (plant perfusion) possessed the largest grain weight after winter wheat, but the grain weight reduced after maize and sunflower. The best conditions for obtaining better yields occurred after winter wheat, when the plants showed better response to fertilizing. Due to introduction of N40P40K40 + N30 + Reacom-SR-Grain we received productivity increase on 13,9%. After sunflower the productivity increased on 9,0%, after maize on 8,9%. It has been also determined that the variant N40P40K40 + N30 + Reacom-SR-Grain gives the best profitability 128,7%. After maize and sunflower the plants need more doses of fertilizing and shows its profitability on 73,3% and 32,0% respectively.

The article gives the analysis of the experiments of 106 winter wheat cultivars of different origin on tolerance to smut fungi.  The pathogen being present from the moment of sprouting till seed maturation makes a suppressing effect on the plant. It reduces seed germination, makes plants be stunted and reduces seed filling. Besides grain infected by smut is unusable for food and forage. To protect wheat seeds from smut pathogen we widely apply chemicals, but a more ecological and less expensive method is of great importance nowadays. It’s a technology of hybridization and cultivation of tolerant to the disease cultivars, for selection of which we need the sources of resistance and tolerance to the pathogen.  At the experimental field artificially infected with smut of Rostov origin the cultivars ‘Zolotokolosa’, ‘Pivna’ (Ukraine), ‘Hoff’, ‘KS 93 U76’ (US), Elba (Latvia) showed the best tolerance to smut. The infection of the cultivars varied from 0 till 9,8% during different years. Thirteen cultivars showed little response to the pathogen (from 10,7 till 22,6%). 49 cultivars showed average response to the pathogen, it’s 46,2% of all studied cultivars. 39 cultivars showed the highest response to the pathogen, that is 36,8% of all cultivars. The chosen cultivars are the most valuable material for further selection on smut tolerance.

The article gives the data about expediency of increasing of genetic diversity of commercial varieties of durum winter wheat in Middle Povolzhie and in the Urals  on powdery mildew tolerance because of interspecific hybridization. The results of introgression of stability to powdery mildew from Triticum Timofeevii Zhuk. and Triticum dicoccum Shuebl. in genome Triticum durum Desf. and breeding of adapted donors with new for durum wheat genes of tolerance are considered in the paper. The transfer of genes from Triticum timopheevii Zhuk.  is carried out through introgressive lines of soft wheat ‘IT-3’ and ‘1678B-21’. The sample of the variety ‘K-46995’ taken from the collection of ARIR was used to transfer stability to Triticum dicoccum Shuebl.. Such constant Triticum durum Desf. lines as ‘Leukurum 1751’, ‘Leukurum 1753 and ‘495d-22’ with introgressive stability to Triticum timopheevii Zhuk. and ‘Gordeiforme 1737’, ‘Gordeiforme 1738’ and ‘Gordeiforme 1739’ with stability to Triticum dicoccum Shuebl. According to the data of hybridological analysis the stability of these lines is controlled by 1-3 genes with effects of dominating tolerance, its suppression and in inhibition. Introgression of stability to Triticum timopheevii Zhuk. has been confirmed at the molecular level while using 90 microsatellite markers with identification of a single translocation in 6B chromosome and its localization in a range of microsatellite markers Xgwn 518 and Xgwn 1076. Tolerance to powdery mildew, caused by the translocation from T. timopheevii Zhuk. remains efficient for a long time; it’s transferred to the seeds together with a complex of adaptability and quality of product. Durum wheat donors, which inherited tolerance to T.dicoccum Shuebl., show stability of the trait, hybridize well with the genes of tolerance to powdery mildew from durum wheat and other varieties, possess good ability to cultivate varieties with good adaptability and productivity.

The article deals with the primary directions of resource saving of grain production in Western Siberia which make it competitive on grain market studied by the departments of agriculture and economics of Siberian research Institute of Agriculture.  The study showed that the increase of crop productivity is closely connected with the increase of energy costs if consider the increased volume of material consumption during the last years. That’s why resource saving should become a primary task of production for the farms of all types in the region as there’s no alternative to this process for the development of agriculture. The factors of resource saving can be combined into two groups: technical-technological and organizational-economic. An economically approved acquisition of agricultural machinery and formation of resource saving technologies in the system of zonal agriculture belong to the first group. The most important thing is a choice of combined and more productive agricultural machinery and equipment for every technological operation. It’s necessary to think about the distribution and position of tractors for agricultural work. Saving of chemicals, seeds and development of methods for increase of grain quality and for improvement of infrastructure are important reserves of the resource saving. The article shows economic efficiency of four types of technologies, worked out by SibRIA for forestry steppe in Omsk region. The second group includes level of wages in the branch, which is a serious stimulus to save resources under definite conditions of production; complex planning of solving of the task; development of norms and regulations as a basis for planning of economy and substantiation of demands in resources; management of expenses based on a budgeting with conventional methods of cost accounting.

Grain production is historically a basis of stable functioning of agricultural sector, it has a system forming function for other branches of economy, it determines the level of food security for population and is a specific indicator of economic welfare of the state.  The development of grain economy and grain market in Russia is negatively influenced by inadequate management system of AIC, indistinct contribution of functions at the federal level and interconnection of federal and regional authorities. State program of agricultural development and regulation of agricultural markets, raw and food on 2013-2020 determines the perspectives of development of grain economy, being the basic tool of adaptation to WTO regulations and the basic factor of increasing competitiveness of Russian grain at domestic and foreign markets. Ensuring the dynamic development of grain market in Russia involves a lot of macroeconomic, nature-climatic, agro ecological, trade-economic and political risks. The main tasks to ensure the dynamic development include making a legislative framework, expansion of production scale, increase of productivity, increase of grain quality and products of its processing, innovative development of the branch and increase of competitiveness of Russian grain. Grain economy is still one of a few branches of grain productive complex, which doesn’t have its own program of development which negatively influences on functioning of grain market. Market development is impossible without dynamic growth of production and increase of grain quality, optimization of its territorial structure taking into consideration competitive advantages of every region.