THE EFFECT OF SOIL AND AIR DROUGHT ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF ROOT SYSTEM OF WINTER SOFT WHEAT VARIETIES AND LINES

The article considers the effect of moisture shortage in soil on formation of winter wheat root system. According to root system development (number, volume and dry weight of roots) there have been identified the varieties ‘Krasa Dona’, ‘Zhavoronok’, ‘Bonus’, ‘Kazachka’, ‘Luchezar’, ‘Shef’, ‘Polina’ and the lines ‘1120/13’, ‘1377/06’ that possess high indexes in all trials. The estimation of drought tolerance on growth power of germinal roots was carried out on winter wheat seeds, germinated in rolls on a completely nutrient mixture ‘Knopa’. The largest increase of germinal roots was found on the samples ‘Polina’ (on 14.6 cm), ‘134/11’ (on 13.9 cm), ‘Asket’ (on 13.8 cm), ‘1430/12’ (on 13.6 cm), ‘110/11’ and ‘1120/13’ (on 13.2 cm), ‘Krasa Dona’ (on 13.0 cm). Drought tolerance has been determined according to the degree of seed germination on osmotic sucrose solution (16 atm). The analyzed samples have been divided into the following groups: the 1-st group – highly tolerant samples (10), the 2-d group – average tolerant samples (4), the 3-d group – not tolerant samples (6). The assessment of heat resistance showed that 13 samples from 20 analyzed ones belong to the 1-st group of highly heat resistant; 7 samples belong to average resistant. To characterize various indexes of plant resistance and their correlation there have been used a method of determining the complex resistance index of germinating seeds. The samples ‘Asket’ (253.4 r. u.), ‘1377/06’ (255.4 r. u.), ‘Kazachka’ (252.1 r. u.), ‘Shef’ (245.0 r. u.), ‘Krasa Dona’ (244.3 r. u.) and ‘Polina’ (240.0 r. u.) are characterized with high complex resistance index of germinating seeds. The samples ‘Asket’, ‘1237/13’, ‘Krasa Dona’, ‘260/09’, ‘Kazachka’, ‘1377/06’ showed high degree of complex drought tolerance (from 31 to 43%).

winter wheat, drought tolerance, heat resistance, root system, germinal roots increase, index of complex drought

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