Grain quality of spring durum wheat varieties in the Orenburg Cis-Urals
https://doi.org/10.31367/2079-8725-2026-104-3-72-79
Abstract
The purpose of the current study was to characterize varietal differences according to the grain quality indicators of spring durum wheat during the years with different growing conditions in the arid zone of the Orenburg Cis-Urals. The trials were conducted at the experimental field with southern blackearth of the FSSI FRC BST RAS in 2023–2025. There have been studied the varieties developed in Orenburg, Samara, Saratov, and Italy. The quantity and quality of gluten in grain were estimated according to GOST 54478-2011, and according to GOST ISO 21415-2-2019 in flour. There has been found a significant variability in grain density depending on weather factors and a variety. According to three-year data, the varieties Bezenchukskaya 210 (731 g/l), Bezenchukskaya Zolotistaya (737 g/l), and Taganrog (739 g/l) have produced heavier kernels with more grain nature weight. There has been found that, with excessive precipitation and optimal air temperatures during the grain-filling period, grain nature weight decreases to the 4–5 class, reaching 636–723 g/l. Grain units of the 1st class (770 g/l) was obtained from the variety Bezenchukskaya Zolotistaya in 2025. There has been identified a general trend for grain hardness to decrease to the 3d class among the studied durum wheat varieties, caused by unfavorable weather conditions during the grain-filling period. There have been established the highest levels of crude gluten in flour of the varieties Orenburgskaya 10 (78.5%), Orenburgskaya 21 (70.4%) and Bezenchukskaya 210 (74.0%), as well as dry gluten in flour of the varieties Orenburgskaya 10 (24.1%) and Orenburgskaya 21 (27.9%) harvested in 2023. The variety Luch 25 has met the optimal gluten index requirements with 68.2–80.8% during all years of trials, the variety Taganrog with 87.8 and 92.9% in 2024 and 2025, the variety Melyana with 69.3% in 2024, and the variety Bezenchukskaya 205 with 81.4% in 2025. The obtained results may be useful for breeding and production practices.
About the Authors
I. N. Besaliev
FSSI “Federal Research Centre of Biological Systems and Agro-technologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences”
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, leading researcher, head of the department of technologies for grain and feed crops
460000, Orenburg region, Orenburg, 9 January Str., 29
E. A. Ivanova
FSSI “Federal Research Centre of Biological Systems and Agro-technologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences”
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Candidate of Biological Sciences, researcher of the department of technologies for grain and feed crops
460000, Orenburg region, Orenburg, 9 January Str., 29
A. L. Panfilov
FSSI “Federal Research Centre of Biological Systems and Agro-technologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences”
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, senior researcher of the department of technologies for grain and feed crops
460000, Orenburg region, Orenburg, 9 January Str., 29
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Review
For citations:
Besaliev I.N., Ivanova E.A., Panfilov A.L. Grain quality of spring durum wheat varieties in the Orenburg Cis-Urals. Grain Economy of Russia. 2026;18(3):72-79. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.31367/2079-8725-2026-104-3-72-79
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