The effect of 2;4-D concentration on the efficiency of androgenesis in in vitro triticale anther culture (Triticosecale Wittmack)

A popular method for producing haploid triticale plants is in vitro androgenesis, which is performed in anther culture and isolated microspores. However, unresolved issues (genotypic dependence, low plant regeneration rate, and high proportion of albinos) limit the method’s efficiency and its applicability in practical breeding and theoretical research. The purpose of the current study was to determine the effect of exogenous auxin 2,4-D concentrations (1 mg/l, 2 mg/l, and 3 mg/l) in an induction nutrient medium on the efficiency of microspore embryogenesis in triticale anther culture. The success of the method was estimated by such parameters as a yield of embryogenic anthers and androgenetic structures, an overall plant regeneration, and regeneration of green and albino plants (% of the total number of cultured anthers). There has been established that the effectiveness of the induction stage under the effect of different quantitative 2,4-D content is genotype-specific. The most responsive line (No.10) has demonstrated the maximum yield of androgenetic structures at the minimum 2,4-D content (1 mg/l) and decreased more than twofold (from 78.0 to 33.3%) with an increase in 2,4-D content to 3 mg/l. Two genotypes (No.37 and No.6) have shown an increase of the efficiency of the induction stage with increasing 2,4-D concentration (line No.37 from 15.7 to 34.8%, line No.6 from 30.1 to 46.5%). Two lines with low responsiveness (No.18 and No.34) have increased the frequency of androgenetic structure formation with an increase in 2,4-D concentration from 1 to 2 mg/l and decreased with an increase in auxin concentration to 3 mg/l. There is no universal concentration of exogenous auxin for all genotypes. The analysis of partial means for the induction stage parameters has demonstrated the advantages of a nutrient medium containing 2 mg/l of 2,4-D. The green plant regeneration rate was statistically significantly reduced in the medium containing 3 mg/l of 2,4-D. The maximum yield of green plants (4% of cultured anthers) was obtained from embryoids formed on a medium containing 2 mg/l of 2,4-D. A total of 1,689 plants were developed in the trial, of which 977 were green and 712 were albino.

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