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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">zhros</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Зерновое хозяйство России</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Grain Economy of Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2079-8725</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2079-8733</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение "Аграрный научный центр "Донской»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31367/2079-8725-2026-104-3-50-55</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">zhros-3457</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СЕЛЕКЦИЯ И СЕМЕНОВОДСТВО СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННЫХ РАСТЕНИЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PLANT BREEDING AND SEED PRODUCTION OF AGRICULTURAL CROPS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние концентрации 2,4-Д на эффективность андрогенеза в культуре пыльников тритикале (Triticosecale Wittmack) in vitro</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The effect of 2;4-D concentration on the efficiency of androgenesis in in vitro triticale anther culture (Triticosecale Wittmack)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5218-6076</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хомякова</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khomyakova</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории клеточной селекции</p><p>410010, г. Саратов, ул. Тулайкова, д.7</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Biological Sciences, leading researcher of the laboratory for cell breeding</p><p>410010, Saratov, Tulaykov Str., 7</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3661-9246</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Акинина</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Akinina</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории клеточной селекции</p><p>410010, г. Саратов, ул. Тулайкова, д.7</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Biological Sciences, leading researcher of the laboratory for cell breeding</p><p>410010, Saratov, Tulaykov Str., 7</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7420-0521</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дьячук</surname><given-names>Т. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Diyachuk</surname><given-names>T. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор биологических наук, главный научный сотрудник лаборатории клеточной селекции</p><p>410010, г. Саратов, ул. Тулайкова, д.7</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Biological Sciences, main researcher of the laboratory for cell breeding</p><p>410010, Saratov, Tulaykov Str., 7</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">cell_selection@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6181-5279</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жилин</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhilin</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>научный сотрудник лаборатории клеточной селекции</p><p>410010, г. Саратов, ул. Тулайкова, д.7</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>researcher of the laboratory for cell breeding</p><p>410010, Saratov, Tulaykov Str., 7</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3870-0542</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Калашникова</surname><given-names>Э. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kalashnikova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>научный сотрудник лаборатории клеточной селекции</p><p>410010, г. Саратов, ул. Тулайкова, д.7</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>researcher of the laboratory for cell breeding</p><p>410010, Saratov, Tulaykov Str., 7</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0146-5001</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Генералова</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Generalova</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник лаборатории клеточной селекции</p><p>410010, г. Саратов, ул. Тулайкова, д.7</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>junior researcher of the laboratory for cell breeding</p><p>410010, Saratov, Tulaykov Str., 7</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3071-0188</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куликова</surname><given-names>В. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kulikova</surname><given-names>V. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник лаборатории клеточной селекции</p><p>410010, г. Саратов, ул. Тулайкова, д.7</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>junior researcher of the laboratory for cell breeding</p><p>410010, Saratov, Tulaykov Str., 7</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Федеральный аграрный научный центр Юго-Востока»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Federal Agriculture Research Center the South-East”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>50</fpage><lpage>55</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Хомякова О.В., Акинина В.Н., Дьячук Т.И., Жилин С.В., Калашникова Э.В., Генералова О.А., Куликова В.П., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Хомякова О.В., Акинина В.Н., Дьячук Т.И., Жилин С.В., Калашникова Э.В., Генералова О.А., Куликова В.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Khomyakova O.V., Akinina V.N., Diyachuk T.I., Zhilin S.V., Kalashnikova E.V., Generalova O.A., Kulikova V.P.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.zhros.online/jour/article/view/3457">https://www.zhros.online/jour/article/view/3457</self-uri><abstract><p>Востребованным методом получения гаплоидных растений тритикале является андрогенез in vitro, который реализуется в культуре пыльников и изолированных микроспор. Однако неразрешенные до настоящего времени проблемы (генотипическая зависимость, низкая частота регенерации растений и высокая доля альбиносов) снижают эффективность метода и возможности его применения в практической селекции и теоретических исследованиях. Цель исследований: выявить влияние концентраций экзогенного ауксина 2,4-Д (1 мг/л, 2мг/л, 3мг/л) в составе индукционной питательной среды на эффективность микроспорового эмбриогенеза в культуре пыльников тритикале. Успешность метода оценивали по следующим показателям: выход эмбриогенных пыльников и андрогенетических структур, общая регенерация растений, регенерация зеленых и альбиносных растений (% к общему числу культивируемых пыльников). Установлено, что эффективность индукционной стадии под влиянием разного количественного содержания 2,4-Д генотип-специфична. У наиболее отзывчивой линии (№10) выход андрогенетических структур был максимальным при минимальном содержании 2,4-Д (1 мг/л) и уменьшился более, чем в два раза (с 78,0 до 33,3%) при увеличении содержания 2,4-Д до 3мг/л. У двух генотипов (№37 и №6) с увеличением концентрации 2,4-Д эффективность индукционной стадии повышалась (у №37 с 15,7 до 34,8%, у линии №6 с 30,1 до 46,5%). У двух линий с низкой отзывчивостью (№18 и №34) частота формирования андрогенетических структур увеличивалась при возрастании концентрации 2,4-Д от 1 до 2мг/л и снижалась при увеличении концентрации ауксина до 3мг/л. Универсальной концентрации экзогенного ауксина для всех генотипов не существует. Анализ частных средних по показателям индукционной стадии показал преимущества питательной среды с содержанием 2,4-Д 2 мг/л. Частота регенерации зеленых растений статистически значимо снижалась в варианте среды, содержащей 3 мг/л 2,4-Д. Максимальный выход зеленых растений (4% от культивируемых пыльников) получен из эмбриоидов, сформированных на среде с 2 мг/л 2,4-Д. Всего в эксперименте получено 1689 растений, из которых 977 зеленых и 712 альбиносов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>A popular method for producing haploid triticale plants is in vitro androgenesis, which is performed in anther culture and isolated microspores. However, unresolved issues (genotypic dependence, low plant regeneration rate, and high proportion of albinos) limit the method’s efficiency and its applicability in practical breeding and theoretical research. The purpose of the current study was to determine the effect of exogenous auxin 2,4-D concentrations (1 mg/l, 2 mg/l, and 3 mg/l) in an induction nutrient medium on the efficiency of microspore embryogenesis in triticale anther culture. The success of the method was estimated by such parameters as a yield of embryogenic anthers and androgenetic structures, an overall plant regeneration, and regeneration of green and albino plants (% of the total number of cultured anthers). There has been established that the effectiveness of the induction stage under the effect of different quantitative 2,4-D content is genotype-specific. The most responsive line (No.10) has demonstrated the maximum yield of androgenetic structures at the minimum 2,4-D content (1 mg/l) and decreased more than twofold (from 78.0 to 33.3%) with an increase in 2,4-D content to 3 mg/l. Two genotypes (No.37 and No.6) have shown an increase of the efficiency of the induction stage with increasing 2,4-D concentration (line No.37 from 15.7 to 34.8%, line No.6 from 30.1 to 46.5%). Two lines with low responsiveness (No.18 and No.34) have increased the frequency of androgenetic structure formation with an increase in 2,4-D concentration from 1 to 2 mg/l and decreased with an increase in auxin concentration to 3 mg/l. There is no universal concentration of exogenous auxin for all genotypes. The analysis of partial means for the induction stage parameters has demonstrated the advantages of a nutrient medium containing 2 mg/l of 2,4-D. The green plant regeneration rate was statistically significantly reduced in the medium containing 3 mg/l of 2,4-D. The maximum yield of green plants (4% of cultured anthers) was obtained from embryoids formed on a medium containing 2 mg/l of 2,4-D. A total of 1,689 plants were developed in the trial, of which 977 were green and 712 were albino.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>тритикале (Triticosecale Wittmack)</kwd><kwd>гаплоидия</kwd><kwd>культура пыльников</kwd><kwd>2</kwd><kwd>4-Д</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>triticale (Triticosecale Wittmack)</kwd><kwd>haploidy</kwd><kwd>anther culture</kwd><kwd>2</kwd><kwd>4-D</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследования проведены в рамках выполнения государственного задания по теме FNWF-2022-0001 «Ускоренное создание сортов и линий тритикале на основе удвоенных гаплоидов».</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Грабовец А.И. Тритикале – итоги селекции и проблемы возделывания // Вестник Российской сельскохозяйственной науки. 2019. №1. С.32-36. 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