Productivity of new winter wheat varieties depending on different seeding rates in the steppe regions of the KBR

   There have been studied new winter common wheat varieties ‘Alamat’, ‘Basiyat’, ‘Taulan’ (facultative) in the conditions of the steppe regions of Kabardino-Balkaria.

   The purpose of the current study was to establish the effect of different seeding rates on productviity of new winter wheat varieties in the conditions of the steppe regions of Kabardino-Balkaria.

   The study was carried out on the pre-Caucasian (carbonate) blackearth of heavy granulometric composition of the experimental plots located in the Tersky district of the KBR in the steppe regions of Kabardino-Balkaria in 2023–2024. During the years of the study, the mean annual precipitation was 360–400 mm. In a two-factor field trial under short-rotation crop rotation, there have been studied optimal seeding rates of the new winter wheat varieties ‘Basiyat’, ‘Alamat’ and ‘Taulan’, jointly developed by the Institute of Agriculture of the KBSC RAS and the P.P. Lukyanenko National Grain Center.

   The relevance of the conducted research was in the necessity to improve the cultivation technologies for new promising winter wheat varieties in short-rotation crop rotation.

   In accordance with the purpose, there has been solved the problem of determining the optimal seeding rates for the new winter common wheat varieties.

   The variety ‘Taulan’ has showed the largest productivity at all seeding rates in the field trials. At a seeding rate of 5.0 seeds/ha, this variety produced the maximum of 53.0 hwt/ha in 2024, the excess over the standard at the same seeding rate was 7.8 hwt/ha. The varieties ‘Basiyat’ and ‘Alamat’ also exceeded productivity of the standard variety ‘Yuzhanka’ on average over 2 years of the study. The results of the conducted research allow concluding that determining the optimal seeding density is important in developing technologies for growing new varieties of agricultural crops.

1. Bel'tyukov L. P., Khronyuk V. B., Kuvshinova E. K., Bershanskii R. G., Tat'yanchenko I. S., Denisenko V. V. Osnovy tekhnologii proizvodstva zerna v zasushlivykh usloviyakh yuga Rossii [Fundamentals of grain production technology in arid conditions of southern Russia] // Vestnik agrarnoi nauki Dona. 2017. № 1–1(37). S. 46–52.

2. Vershinina T. C. Vliyanie sroka poseva na kachestvo zerna ozimoi pshenitsy [The effect of sowing time on winter wheat grain quality] // Permskii agrarnyi vestnik. 2017. № 4(20). S. 52–58.

3. Voshedskii N. N., Kulygin V. A., Tseluiko O. A. Vliyanie elementov tekhnologii vozdelyvaniya na urozhainost' novykh sortov ozimoi pshenitsy v Rostovskoi oblasti [The effect of cultivation technology elements on productivity of new winter wheat varieties in the Rostov region] // Izvestiya Nizhnevolzhskogo agrouniversitetskogo kompleksa: nauka i vysshee professional'noe obrazovanie. 2022. № 3(67). S. 125–134. DOI: 10.32786/2071-9485-2022-03-15

4. Dospekhov B. A. Metodika polevogo opyta (s osnovami statisticheskoi obrabotki rezul'tatov issledovanii) [Methodology of a field trial (with the basics of statistical processing of the study results)]. 5-e izd., dop. i pererab. M.: Agropromizdat, 2014. 351 s.

5. Drepa E. B., Golosnaya E. L., Golub' A. S., Pshenichnyi P. N., Kalmykova D. O. Optimizatsiya elementov tekhnologii vyrashchivaniya ozimoi pshenitsy s primeneniem tekhnologii No-Till [Optimization of elements of winter wheat cultivation technology using No-till technology] // Izvestiya TSKhA. 2021. Vyp. 5. S. 147–157. DOI: 10.26897/0021-342X-2021-5-147-157

6. Mel'nik A. F. Vliyanie aridnosti klimata na tekhnologii vozdelyvaniya ozimoi pshenitsy [The effect of climate aridity on winter wheat cultivation technologies] // Vestnik agrarnoi nauki. 2020. № 1(82). S. 41–46. DOI: 10.15217/48484

7. Popov A. S., Sukharev A. A., Ovsyannikova G. V. Vliyanie srokov poseva i norm vyseva na urozhainost' i kachestvo zerna sorta myagkoi ozimoi pshenitsy Univer [The effect of sowing dates and seeding rates on productivity and grain quality of the winter common wheat variety ‘Univer’] // Agrarnaya nauka Evro-Severo-Vostoka. 2022. № 23(5). S. 641–654. DOI: 10.30766/2072-9081.2022.23.5.641-654

8. Silaeva L. P., Kul'chikova Zh. T., Barinova E. V. Sovershenstvovanie razmeshcheniya proizvodstva pshenitsy – osnova povysheniya ego ustoichivosti [Improving the placement of wheat production is the basis for improving its sustainability] // Vestnik Kurskoi gosudarstvennoi sel'skokhozyaistvennoi akademii. 2019. № 2. S. 186–193.

9. Fadeeva I. D., Tagirov M. Sh., Gazizov I. N. Vliyanie srokov poseva i norm vyseva na urozhainost' novykh sortov ozimoi pshenitsy [The effect of sowing dates and seeding rates on productivity of new winter wheat varieties] // Zemledelie. 2019. № 3. S. 21–24. DOI: 10.24411/0044-3913-2019-10305

10. Shestakova E.O., Eroshenko F. V., Storchak I. G., Oganyan L. R. Reaktsiya novykh sortov ozimoi pshenitsy na razlichnye elementy tekhnologii vyrashchivaniya [The response of new winter wheat varieties to various elements of cultivation technology] // Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2018. T. 32, № 8. S. 35–38. DOI: 10.24411/0235-2451-2018-10809

11. Yakushev V. P., Kanash E. V., Rusakov D. V., Yakushev V. V., Blokhina S. Yu., Petrushin A. F., Blokhin Yu. I., Mitrofanova O. A., Mitrofanov E. P. Korrelyatsionnye zavisimosti mezhdu vegetatsionnymi indeksami, urozhaem zerna i opticheskimi kharakteristikami list'ev pshenitsy pri raznom soderzhanii v pochve azota i gustote poseva [Correlation between vegetation indices, grain yield and optical characteristics of wheat leaves with different nitrogen content in soil and sowing density] // Sel'skokhozyaistvennaya biologiya. 2022. T. 57, № 1. S. 98–112. DOI: 10.15389/agrobiology.2022.1.98rus

12. Flohr B. M., Hunt J. R., Kirkegaard J. A., Evans J. R., Trevaskis B., Zwart A., Swan A., Fletcher A. L., Rheinheimer B. Fast winter wheat phenology can stabilise flowering date and maximise grain yield in semi-arid Mediterranean and temperate environments // Field Crops Research. 2018. Vol. 223. P. 12–25. DOI: 10.1016/j.fcr.2018.03.021

13. Myrzabayeva G., Idrisova A. Influence of the terms and rates of sowing winter wheat in the conditions of the south-east of Kazastan // Sciences of Europe. Vol. 98, P. 12–20. 2022. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6973732

14. Seminchenko E. V., Solonkin A. V. Influence of climatic factors on the crop of winter wheat and the spring barley in the conditions of the dry steppe of the lower Volga region // Siberian Journal of Life Sciences and Agriculture. 2022. Vol. 14, № 3. P. 58–74. DOI: 10.12731/2658-6649-2022-14-3-58-74

15. Shahab F., Coulter J. A., Ye S., Wu W. Yield penalty due to delayed sowing of winter wheat and the mitigatory role of increased seeding rate // European Journal of Agronomy. 2020. Vol. 119, Article number: 126120. DOI: 10.1016/j.eja.2020.126120