Effect of organic mineral fertilizers and growth regulator on winter durum wheat crops under irrigation conditions in the Terek-Sulak subprovince of the republic of Dagestan

The current study has been carried out to determine the effect of mineral and organic mineral fertilizers, as well as a growth regulator on the productivity of promising winter durum wheat varieties, under irrigation conditions of meadow-chestnut heavy loamy soil in the Terek-Sulak subprovince of the Republic of Dagestan. In 2019–2021 there were laid on two trials on the experimental plot. In the first case, there were studied four variants of the effect of fertilizers on the productivity of promising varieties ‘Krupinka’ (control), ‘Krucha’, ‘Odari’ under irrigation conditions. There was used ammophos (background), 65 kg/ha a.i. under plowing; ammophos (background), 65 kg/ha a.i. for plowing + Polydon bio universal, 0.5 l/ha in the tillering phase + Polydon bio universal, 0.5 l/ha in the earing phase; ammophos (background), 65 kg/ha a.i. under arable land + ammonium nitrate 150 kg/ha in spring tillering + Polydon bio universal 0.5 l/ha in the tillering phase + Polydon bio universal 0.5 l/ha in the earing phase; ammophos (background), 65kg/ha a.i. for plowing + ammonium nitrate 150 kg/ha in spring tillering. In the second, three winter durum wheat varieties were treated before sowing with 0.5 l/t of Sprintalga and foliar top dressing was carried out in the spring tillering phase, in comparison with the control when seeds were treated with 10 l/t of the working liquid disinfectant Maxim KS. The conducted study has shown that the largest productivity of the studied winter durum wheat varieties was achieved in the third variant of the trial, where grain productivity of 8.36 t/ha was achieved for the variety ‘Odari’, the variety ‘Krucha’ was in second place with 7.91 t/ha of productivity, which was on 0.27 t/ha more than for the control variety ‘Krupinka’ and on 0.45 t/ha less than in the variety ‘Odari’. The use of a growth regulator has shown its significant effect on the grain productivity improvement. Seed treatment of winter durum wheat varieties and crops in the tillering phase with Sprintalgi had a positive effect on the growth, development, and improvement of grain yield. On average, over the years of research, the largest grain yield of 7.88 t / ha was obtained for the variety ‘Odari’, in the variant of seed and crop treatment with a growth regulator Sprintalgi. The productivity difference in the variant with seed treatment with Sprintalgi and with the working liquid treater Maxim KS was 0.67 t/ha for the variety ‘Odari’, 0.71 t/ha for ‘Krucha’ and 0.79 t/ha for ‘Krupinka’.

1. Aksenova Yu. V., Boiko V. S. Rol' mnogoletnikh trav i intensivnoi sistemy zemledeliya v povyshenii energeticheskogo potentsiala organicheskogo veshchestva dlitel'no oroshaemoi lugovo-chernozemnoi pochvy [The role of perennial grasses and intensive farming system in increasing the energy potential of organic matter in long-term irrigated meadow-chernozem soil] // Zemledelie. 2017. No 5. S. 18–20.

2. Balashov V. V., Agafonov A. K. Vliyanie regulyatorov rosta i fungitsidov na urozhainost' i kachestvo zerna ozimoi pshenitsy v podzone svetlo-kashtanovykh pochv Volgogradskoi oblasti [Effect of growth regulators and fungicides on the productivity and grain quality of winter wheat in the subzone of light chestnut soils of the Volgograd region] // Plodorodie. 2013. No 1 (70). S. 28–30.

3. Voronov S. I., Pleskachev Yu. N., Il'yashenko P. V. Osnovy proizvodstva vysokokachestvennogo zerna ozimoi pshenitsy [Fundamentals of the production of high-quality winter wheat grain] // Plodorodie. 2020. No 2(113). S. 64–66. DOI: 10.25680/S19948603.2020.113.19.

4. Dubinina O. A., Vozhzhova N. N. Adaptivnyi potentsial sortov ozimoi tverdoi pshenitsy. [Adaptive potential of winter durum wheat varieties] // Agrarnaya nauka Evro-Severo-Vostoka. 2016. No 2 (51). S. 29–33.

5. Dospekhov, B.A. Metodika polevogo opyta [Methodology of a field trial]. M.: Al'yans, 2014. 351 s.

6. Zhuravleva E. V., Milashchenko N. Z., Sapozhnikov S. N., Trushkin S. V. Sistema uvelichenie proizvodstva vysokokachestvennogo zerna pshenitsy [System to increase the production of high-quality wheat grain] // Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2020. T. 34, No 3. S. 7–10. DOI: 10.24411/0235-2451-2020-10301.

7. Kiryushin V. I., Yuzhakov A. I., Romanova N. L., Vlasenko A. N. Modelirovanie zonal'nykh system zemledeliya na osnove polevykh eksperimentov [Modeling of zonal farming systems based on field experiments] // Vestnik sel'skokhozyaistvennoi nauki. 1990. No 8. S. 99–105.

8. Kolesnikov L. E., Kremenskaya I. I., Priyatkin N. S., Arkhipov M. V., Kiselev M. V., Kolesnikova Yu. R. Biologicheskie osobennosti ispol'zovanie belkovogo stimulyatora rosta dlya povysheniya urozhainosti pshenitsy i otsenka kachestva zerna metodom mikrofokusnoi rentgenografii i opticheskogo analiza [Biological features of the use of a protein growth stimulator to increase wheat productivity and estimation of grain quality by microfocus radiography and optical analysis] // Rossiiskaya sel'skokhozyaistvennaya nauka. 2020. No 3. S. 21–26. DOI: 10.31875/52500262720030060.

9. Metodika gosudarstvennogo sortoispytaniya sel'skokhozyaistvennykh kul'tur [Methodology of the State Variety Testing of agricultural crops]. M., 2019. 329 s.

10. Magomedov N. R., Magomedova D. S., Akhmedova S. O. Adaptivnaya tekhnologiya vozdelyvaniya novykh vysokourozhainykh sortov ozimoi pshenitsy v Dagestane [Adaptive cultivation technology of new highly productive winter wheat varieties in Dagestan] // Problemy razvitiya APK regiona. 2016. No 4 (28). S. 18–21.

11. Magomedov N. R., Suleimanov D. Yu., Abdullaev Zh. N., Abdullaev A. A. Urozhainost' ozimoi tverdoi pshenitsy sorta Krupinka pri razlichnom urovne mineral'nogo pitaniya i sistem obrabotki pochvy [Productivity of the winter durum wheat variety ‘Krupinka’ at different levels of mineral nutrition and tillage systems] // Mezhdunarodnyi sel'skokhozyaistvennyi zhurnal. 2021. No 5. S. 98–100. DOI: 10.2412/2578-6740-2021-5-98-100.

12. Nikitin S. N. Fotosinteticheskaya deyatel'nost' rastenii v posevakh i dinamika rostovykh protsessov pri primenenii biologicheskikh preparatov [Photosynthetic activity of plants in crops and dynamics of growth processes in the application of biological products] // Uspekhi sovremennogo estestvoznaniya. 2017. No 1. S. 33–28.

13. Rut-Duga D., Shiferaw D. G., Wogayehu W. Effects of blended fertilizer rates on bread wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) varieties on growth and yield attributes // Journal of Ecology & Natural Resources. 2019. Vol. 3, iss. 3. Article number 000170. DOI: 10.23880/jenr16000170.

14. Solodovnikov A. P., Denisov K. E., Danilov A. N., Korsak V. V., Pimonov K. I. Minimizing tillage to preserve the agro-chemical and water-physical properties of southern black soil after vegetative reclamation // International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET). 2018. Vol. 9, Iss. 12. P. 1166–1172.