The history of the breeding work on winter durum wheat development: results, problems, prospects
N. E. Samofalova,
N. P. Ilichkina,
O. A. Dubinina,
T. S. Makarova,
O. A. Kostylenko,
A. S. Kameneva,
T. G. Derova,
N. S. Kravchenko https://doi.org/10.31367/2079-8725-2020-72-6-10-18
Abstract
The current paper has considered the results of sixty years of breeding work on winter durum wheat development, a new grain crop for the steppe arid conditions of the Don area. This breeding period was represented by five stages, each of them was characterized by the solution of various problems, by the development of methods for obtaining and using the initial material and, on its basis, varieties being urgent for the definite period. Throughout the history of breeding work there were developed 32 winter turgid and durum wheat varieties, 21 of which were zoned or included into the State List, 16 were protected by patents, 6 were studied at the SVT. There have been presented the study results of the varieties of different breeding stages according to their main economically valuable traits and properties, obtained in the trial ‘History of the breeding work’ with green manure fallow in 2015–2019. There have been identified their positive advantages and disadvantages in the breding process. Significant progress has been achieved in changing plant architectonics by reducing straw length on 39.3–45.2 cm, increasing the resistance to lodging on 1.3–1.4 points, improving the agrocenosis on 300–400 heads per m2, and increasing the harvesting index from 26.1 to 41.1%. Productivity due to productive breeding for 60 years increased on 3.37 t/ha or 66.3%, and the productivity potential of the modern short-stemmed varieties reached 10 t/ha and more. There has been found out that productivity improvement during breeding positively affected on adaptive properties (winter resistance, drought resistance, resistance to brown and yellow rust, powdery mildew) and the indices grain and pasta quality. There have also been indicated the problematic areas which require further intensive work not only in breeding, but also in a wider distribution of the winter durum wheat varieties in agricultural production.
About the Authors
N. E. Samofalova
Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy”
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, leading researcher of the laboratory for winter durum wheat breeding and seed production
347740, Rostov region, Zernograd, Nauchny Gorodok, 3
N. P. Ilichkina
Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy”
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, leading researcher of the laboratory for winter durum wheat breeding and seed production
347740, Rostov region, Zernograd, Nauchny Gorodok, 3
O. A. Dubinina
Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy”
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
agronomist of the laboratory for winter durum wheat breeding and seed production
347740, Rostov region, Zernograd, Nauchny Gorodok, 3
T. S. Makarova
Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy”
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, researcher of the laboratory for winter durum wheat breeding and seed production
347740, Rostov region, Zernograd, Nauchny Gorodok, 3
O. A. Kostylenko
Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy”
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
agronomist of the laboratory for winter durum wheat breeding and seed production
347740, Rostov region, Zernograd, Nauchny Gorodok, 3
A. S. Kameneva
Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy”
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
agronomist of the laboratory for winter durum wheat breeding and seed production
347740, Rostov region, Zernograd, Nauchny Gorodok, 3
T. G. Derova
Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy”
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
leading researcher of the laboratory of plant immunity and protection
347740, Rostov region, Zernograd, Nauchny Gorodok, 3
N. S. Kravchenko
Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy”
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Candidate of Biological Sciences, senior researcher of the laboratory for biochemical estimation of breeding material and grain quality
347740, Rostov region, Zernograd, Nauchny Gorodok, 3
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For citations:
Samofalova N.E., Ilichkina N.P., Dubinina O.A., Makarova T.S., Kostylenko O.A., Kameneva A.S., Derova T.G., Kravchenko N.S. The history of the breeding work on winter durum wheat development: results, problems, prospects. Grain Economy of Russia. 2020;(6):10-18. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.31367/2079-8725-2020-72-6-10-18
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