In vitro fabric culture methods to develop the initial material for triticale breeding in the Volga region

Abstract

The current paper presents the estimation efficiency results of in vitro fabric culture methods used to develop the initial material for triticale breeding in the Povolzhie. A culture of immature embryos (embryo rescue) was used to obtain wheatrye amphigaploids when cross breeding durum wheat with rye. The hybrid kernels formation varied from 10.4 to 47.7%. When polluting 2223 flowers of durum wheat there were formed 768 kernels, 604 of which had embryos with different degrees of differentiation. The largest frequency of hybrid kernels formation was found in the hybrids where the mother forms were the durum wheat varieties “Amazonka” (47.7%), “Diona” (37.5%), and “Aksinit” (37.6%). Fertile amphidiploids (primary hexaploid triticale) were obtained after doubling the number of chromosomes. In vitro immature embryo cultivation was also used to obtain triticale hybrids with soft wheat in those cases when it served as the maternal parent in cross breeding. The efficiency of haploid production in the triticale anthers depended on the genotype. The frequency of embryogenic anthers formation varied from 6.7 to 17.4%, plant regeneration from the new forms was 11.4–31.4%. The 68 obtained of the 338 plants were green and 270 were albinos. In vitro microclonal propagation using segments of young heads as explants allowed preserving and propagating sterile plants for further work to restore their fertility.