Optimal parameters of productivity elements of the model variety of winter wheat of intensive type for the southern territories of the Rostov region

According to the study of the collection material represented by the samples of various ecological and geographical origin, there has been determined the average level and range of variability of the main elements of yield structure. The average yield in the trial was 622.5 g/m². The maximum variability has been identified in the trait “productive stand”. The variability of the traits “length of an ear”, “number of kernels per ear” and “kernels’ weight per ear” was average. Over the years of research, the average variability of the traits “1000-kernels weight” (V = 8.6%) and “number of spikelets per ear” (V = 7.5%) was weak that indicates the high stability of these characteristics. Due to the regressive analysis the optimal parameters of productive element of the model variety of winter wheat of intensive type has been specified for the southern conditions of Russia. To produce 7.0–8.0 t/ha, “density of productive stand” should be 500–580 pc/m², “kernels’ weight per ear” should be 1.7–1.9 g, “1000-kernels weight” should be 44–47 g, “number of spikelets per ear” should be 18–20 pc., “number of kernels per ear” should be 37–41 pc., “length of an ear” should be 8.5–9.5 cm, “plant height” should be 85–95 cm. The specified indexes of such traits as “density of productive stand”, “plant height”, “number of spikelets per ear” have been practically achieved. It has been determined that the breeding work to improve productivity of the varieties of intensive type should be directed on the rise of kernels’ weight per ear by the increase of number and size of kernels per ear as well as by the increase of length of an ear and its density.

1. Dospekhov B. A. Metodika polevogo opyta (s osnovami statisticheskoj obrabotki rezul’tatov issledovanij) [Methodology of a field trial (with the basis of statistic processing of study results)]. 6-e izd., stereotip. M.: Al’yans, 2011. 352 s.

2. Ilichkina N. P., Samofalova N. E. Urozhajnost’ i ehlementy eyo struktury u sovremennyh sortov tvyordoj i turgidnoj ozimoj pshenicy [Productivity and elements of its structure of the modern varieties of durum and turgid winter wheat] // Dostizheniya, napravleniya razvitiya sel’skohozyajstvennoj nauki Rossii (selekciya, semenovodstvo, tekhnologiya, ehkonomika). T. 3. Rostov n/D., 2005. S. 28–34.

3. Kalinenko I. G. Selekciya ozimoj pshenicy [Winter wheat breeding]. M.: IK “Rodnik”, 1995. 220 s.

4. Kovtun V. I., Samofalova N. E. Selekciya ozimoj pshenicy na yuge Rossii [Winter wheat breeding in the south of Russia]. Rostov n/D.: ZAO “Kniga”, 2006. 480 s.

5. Kumakov V. A. Fiziologicheskoe obosnovanie modelej sortov pshenicy [Physiological substantiation of the models of wheat varieties]. M.: Kolos, 1985. 270 s.

6. Marchenko D. M., Kostylev P. I. Izuchenie vzaimosvyazi morfobiologicheskih priznakov myagkoj ozimoj pshenicy s zernovoj produktivnost’yu [The study of the interrelation of morphobiological traits of winter soft wheat with grain productivity] // Vestnik agrarnoj nauki Dona. 2010. № 1. S. 76–79.

7. Nekrasova O. A., Kostylev P. I., Nekrasov E. I. Model’ sorta v selekcii ozimoj pshenicy [Model of variety in winter wheat breeding] // Zernovoe hozyajstvo Rossii. 2017. № 5(53). S. 29–32.

8. Fomenko M. A., Grabovec A. I. Usilenie aridnosti klimata na Donu v dinamike parametrov modeli sortov ozimoj myagkoj pshenicy [Climate aridity increase on the Don according to the dynamics of parameters of the model of winter wheat varieties] // Zemledelie, rastenievodstvo, selekciya: nastoyashchee i budushchee: mat. Mezhdunar. nauch.- prakt. konferencii. Zhodino, 2012. T. 2. S. 210–215.