Analysis of the inheritance and combination of several quantitative and qualitative traits of peas

Peas are an important agricultural crop worldwide and in Russia, as their seeds contain a large amount of protein. However, productivity potential of the crop has not yet been fully realized. Productivity largely depends on a leaf shape and structure, as well as a leaf surface area, which influences photosynthesis, transpiration, and assimilation. Therefore, genes controlling a leaf size and shape are of primary importance for breeding new varieties. The purpose of the current study was to develop pea hybrids using a 5 x 5 diallel crossbreeding scheme and to determine patterns of inheritance for a leaf shape and several quantitative traits. Hybridization was conducted using a 5 x 5 diallel scheme among such varieties and samples as Vizir, Lu 153-06, Az-1420, Ras-218/10, and Fendrilling. The study was conducted in the laboratory for pea breeding and seed production of the FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy”. The genetic analysis of plant hybrids was carried out by the program Poligen A. Due to the analysis of the second-generation hybrids by a leaf type, there have been established monohybrid ratios by phenotype of 3:1 in the combinations leafy x acacia, leafy x leafless, and dihybrid ratios by phenotype of 9:3:3:1 in the combinations leafy x split-leafy, leafy x chameleon. The hybrids have demonstrated a dominance of high and low values in the inheritance of the trait ‘plant height’; dominance and overdominance of low values in the intermediate inheritance of the trait ‘a number of beans’; intermediate inheritance, dominance of high and low values in the intermediate inheritance of the trait ‘a number of beans per pod’; dominance and overdominance of high and low values of the trait ‘1000-seed weight’. There have been selected the best pea plants from hybrid populations according to quantitative traits.

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