1000-kernel weight as an adaptability indicator of the new winter common wheat varieties

The current paper has presented the study results of three new varieties developed by the Povolzhsky SRISSC (Povolzhskaya 21, Povolzhskoye Zoloto, and Kolobok) and the standard variety Skipetr for their adaptability to growing conditions, based on the trait ‘1000 – kernel weight’. The purpose of the current study was to determine the adaptive potential of the new winter common wheat varieties developed by the Povolzhsky SRISSC, relative to the standard variety. The study was conducted in the laboratory for winter wheat breeding and seed production from 2021 to 2025. Calculation of the values of 1000-kernel weight was conducted in accordance with GOST 10842–89 (1991). Meteorological conditions during the study period varied. There was found a high value of the trait ‘1000-kernel weight’ in 2021, ranging from 44 to 48 g. In 2024 the value of the trait was low, ranging from 35 to 38 g. The variety Povolzhskaya 21 demonstrated the lowest level of variation (7.79) with high values of stability index (82 %) and stability level (223 %). The indicators of selective value (35 g) and homeostatic ability were also high (5.35), with a low stress tolerance index (-7.5). The variety Povolzhskoye Zoloto was the best due to its environmental plasticity (1.025) and adaptability coefficient (102%). The variety Kolobok has demonstrated high values of genetic flexibility (43 g), environmental plasticity (1.041), and selective value (34 g). According to most adaptability parameters, the studied varieties were better than the standard variety. These varieties can be included in the breeding program as they are the most stable in terms of 1000-kernel weight. The most adaptable and stable variety according to most parameters was the variety Povolzhskaya 21.

1. Ajdarbekova T.Zh., Syzdykova G.T., Malickaya N.V., Nurgaziev R.E., Husainov A.T., Zhabaeva M.U., Mahanova S.K., Shojkin O.D. Sravnitel’naya ocenka linij yarovoj myagkoj pshenicy (Triticum aestivum L.) v stepnoj zone Severo-Kazahstanskoj oblasti [Comparative estimation of spring common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) lines in the steppe part of the North Kazakhstan region] // Sel’skohozyajstvennaya Biologiya. 2022. T. 57, № 1. S. 66–80. DOI: 10.15389/agrobiology.2022.1.66rus

2. Kravchenko N.S., Podgornyj S.V., Vozhzhova N.N. Izuchenie adaptivnyh svojstv iskhodnogo materiala ozimoj myagkoj pshenicy po priznaku «massa 1000 zeren» [The study of the adaptive properties of the initial material of winter common wheat according to the trait ‘1000-kernel weight’] // Agrarnaya nauka. 2021. T. 344 (1), S. 74–78. DOI: 10.32634/0869-8155-2021-344-1-74-78

3. Sharapov I.I., Sharapova Yu.A., Abdryaev M.R. Soderzhanie belka i krahmala v zerne ozimoj pshenicy v razlichnye stadii rosta i sozrevaniya [Protein and starch percentage in winter wheat grain at different growth and maturation stages] // Zernovoe hozyajstvo Rossii. 2025. T. 17 (3), S. 59–64. DOI: 10.31367/2079-8725-2025-98-3-59-64

4. Yusova O.A., Nikolaev N.I., Anis›kov N.I., Safonova I.V. Adaptivnost› po masse 1000 zeren sortov yachmenya selekcii omskogo agrarnogo nauchnogo centra [Adaptability of barley varieties developed at the Omsk Agricultural Research Center according to 1000-kernel weight] // Agrofizika. 2019. № 3. S. 50–56. DOI: 10.25695/AGRPH.2019.03.08

5. Yusova O.A., Nikolaev N.I., Anis›kov N.I., Safonova I.V. Adaptivnost› sortov yachmenya po priznaku «massa 1000 zeren» v usloviyah lesostepi Omskoj oblasti [Adaptability of barley varieties according to the trait ‘1000-kernel weight’ in the forest-steppe conditions of the Omsk region] // Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2020. T. 34, №. 2. S. 24–28. DOI: 10.24411/0235-2451-2020-10105.

6. Biliavska L., Biliavskiy Y., Mazur O.,Mazur O. Adaptability and breeding value of soybean varieties of Poltava breeding// Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science. 2021. № 2. Р. 312–322.

7. Meluca С., Sturzu R. Phenotypic variability of components of production in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), under the conditions of the south of the country // Scientific Papers. Series A. Agronomy. . 2025. Vol. LXVIII, Issue 2. Р. 569–576.

8. Osman K ., Abdalla S., Ismail A., Lee S., Mohamed A., Yousif S., Ahmed Y. Yield Stability and Adaptability of Elite Doubled Haploid (DH) Rice Genotypes in Different Locations in Central Clay Plains of the Sudan // American Journal of Plant Sciences. 2022. №13. Р. 1282–1295. DOI: 10.4236/ajps.2022.139087.

9. Sattar S., Afzal R., Bashir I., Nawaz B., Shahid A. Biochemical, Molecular and Morpho-Physiological Attributes of Wheat to Upgrade Grain Production and Compete with Water Stress// International Journal of Innovative Approaches in Agricultural Research. 2019. Vol. 3(3), Р. 510–528. DOI:10.29329/ijiaar.2019.206.16

10. Vinyukov О., Chuhrii H., Gyrka A., Vyskub R., Bondareva O. Ways to Improve the Adaptability of Winter Wheat in the Eastern Part of the Northern Steppe of Ukraine// Universal Journal of Agricultural Research. 2022. Vol. 10, №3. Р 228–239. DOI: 10.13189/ujar.2022.100305.