Phytotoxic and biochemical estimation of oats (Avena sativa L.) of Tyumen breeding to aluminum ions

The purpose of the current work was to study the phytotoxic effects of increasing aluminum ion concentrations on oat genotypes (Avena sativa L.) during the juvenile stage. The objects of the study were the oat varieties which were a selection achievement of the SRIA for NTU – branch of TSC SB of RAS and are widely used in agriculture. The phytotoxicity of various aluminum ion concentrations was estimated according to methodological recommendation MR 2.1.7.2297-07 by comparing the seven-day root lengths of control and experimental samples. Aqueous solutions for oat germination were prepared from aluminum sulfate (Al₂ (SO₄ ) ₃ ) with aluminum ion concentrations of 4, 9, and 15 mol/l. Distilled water was used as a control. The current study has identified the variety Tobolyak as the most resistant to the toxic effects of aluminum ions at early stages of ontogenesis, with concentrations of 4 and 9 mmol/l, respectively. The variety Otrada was more sensitive to the stress factor, exhibiting a strong inhibitory effect. Aluminum ions also had a negative effect on primary rootlet mass, resulting in a 72–80% decrease relative to the control (CV = 7–12%). The root-to-shoot mass ratio in the control was 1, while under stress, it decreased to 0.2–0.4 units. This is explained by the redistribution of plant nutrients to the above-ground mass, regardless of oat genotype. For biochemical estimation there has been isolated a genomic DNA from seven-day-old coleoptiles and roots of oat plants germinated in distilled water (control) and at a concentration of 15 mmol aluminum ions per liter. Then there has been carried out an electrophoresis in a 1% agarose gel containing 10 μL of 1% ethidium bromide. When visualizing the DNA integrity of coleoptiles of contrasting genotypes using the GelDoc Go gel documentation system, there was no deviations from the control. However, there has been established a DNA degradation at the exposure of primary plant roots to aluminum ions, which can be used as a marker for early detection of susceptible and resistant oat genotypes.

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