Estimation of adaptability of the new maize hybrids bred by the All-Russian Research Institute of Irrigated Agriculture

The current paper has presented the results of environmental 2022-2024 trials of new early and middle-early maturing maize hybrids bred by the All-Russian Research Institute of Irrigated Agriculture to estimate their adaptability to various agroclimatic regions. The promising hybrids have been evaluated according to productivity, moisture content, and adaptability using selection indices in various ecological zones. The trials were conducted at six scientific institutions in three approved regions. Optimal and limiting points were determined based on the average grain yield of hybrids in each maturity group. The hybrids were evaluated according to the methodology of the State Variety Testing of agricultural crop and selection indices calculated using formulas proposed by V.S. Sotchenko, V.V. Khangildin, and N.A. Orlyansky. The best hybrid for optimal growing conditions is PO 170-21 in the group of early-maturing hybrids. It is characterized by large productivity (8.48 t/ha), low harvest moisture (19.0%), and a high selection index (Ci=3.1) compared to the standard. In the middle-early group, the hybrid PO 200-21 was the best with similar characteristics, namely an optimal combination of large productivity (10.37 t/ha, 24.3% moisture) and environmental stability (Ci = 3.1). This same hybrid also was the best in the limited conditions, yielding 4.24 tons of grain per hectare. For limited conditions, the hybrid PO 170-19 can be also recommended, providing the highest grain yield of 3.73 t/ha with a selection index of 2.4. The data obtained will allow for the targeted selection of valuable genotypes for the State Variety Testing to subsequently zone in the approved regions most suitable for cultivation.

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