The use of protein potential of Russian hulled oat genotypes in the Trans-Urals

One of the main priorities in oat breeding is protein potential, which is determined by protein percentage in grain and yield per an area unit. The purpose of the current study was to estimate a collection of hulled oat varieties of domestic breeding and to identify genotypes with high protein potential in the forest-steppe of the Trans-Urals. The study was conducted at the experimental plot of the laboratory for genomic research in plant production at the Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture for Northern Trans-Urals - Branch of the Tyumen Scientific Center of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences from 2022 to 2024. There have been studied 158 hulled oat genotypes from 25 regions of the Russian Federation. The most representative group of genotypes was developed at breeding centers in the Kirov (20) and Leningrad (35) regions. Crude protein percentage was estimated by multiplying the total nitrogen content in grain by a coefficient of 6.25. The years of study were characterized by contrasting weather conditions. As a result, there has been identified a number of genotypes with a very high protein potential and stable indicators. This group included the genotypes Otrada, Tulunskiy 30, Tarskiy 2, Gibrid (15021), BADEN 1, Pozdnespely, Gibrid (15022), Valdin 765, KHANOMI 2, Gorizont, RAPEN, Severyanin, Kubansky, Oven, KHANOMI, Dogoy, Mestny (1733), Pokrovsky 9, KHANAMI, Mestny (1461), Mestny (1539), PIOBAND, 94h18. There has been established that protein in hulled oat grain is 22% dependent on weather conditions during a vegetation period, and 65% is genetically controlled. The pattern of protein accumulation under contrasting weather conditions can be used as a criterion for stress resistance caused by abiotic factors. Hull content of oat grain is 56% genotype-dependent and 28% environmental-dependent. These genotypes can be recommended as promising material for breeding programs to develop oat varieties with high protein potential.

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