Adaptive capacity, stability and breeding value of winter wheat varieties developed by the Tatar research institute of agriculture

There have been studied adaptability, stability, and breeding value of winter wheat varieties developed by the Tatar Research Institute of Agriculture in the northern regions of the Middle Volga region. The current study was conducted on gray forest soil from 2020 to 2024. There were used sowing dates and seeding rates generally accepted for the region. The most favorable spring-summer growing conditions were observed in 2020 (HTC = 1.09) and 2022 (HTC = 1.23). In 2023 and 2024, there were conditions with insufficient moisture where the HTC was 0.86 and 0.72, respectively. The year of 2021 was characterized by the driest conditions during the spring-summer vegetation period (HTC = 0.45). The varieties produced large average yields in favorable years of 2020 (5.55 t/ha) and 2022 (4.49 t/ha), while there was a minimum productivity in the dry year of 2021 (2.81 t/ha). There have been identified highly productive varieties Ilvina and Saban, with maximum average yields over the years of study (4.36 t/ha and 4.23 t/ha, respectively) under various growing conditions. There has been established that the greatest impact on productivity was due to weather conditions during the years of study (89.56%), while the genotype of the studied varieties had a lesser influence (6.62%). Among the winter wheat varieties developed at the Tatar Research Institute of Agriculture, the varieties Ilvina (0.556), Saban (0.425), and Darina (0.125) demonstrated positive values of general adaptive capacity. The varieties Darina (1.947), Ilvina (1.876), and Saban (1.561) have also demonstrated the best values for specific adaptive capacity. These varieties were less stable and produced higher yields under improved growing conditions. The highest values of the genotype breeding value were demonstrated by the varieties Universiada (2.14), Saban (2.12), and Ilvina (2.05), which could be recommended for production.

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