Cultivation technology effect on the agrophysical properties of low-humus southern blackearth and crop productivity in a zone of insufficient moisture

   There has been studied the cultivation technology effect on the agrophysical properties of low-humus southern blackearth on the forest-like light clays in continental climate conditions on the experimental plots of the FSBSI “Research Institute of Agriculture in Crimea”. Weather conditions during the years of study varied in temperature and precipitation. The research was conducted in a stationary field crop rotation from 2017 to 2024.

   The purpose of the study was to compare the traditional technology recommended for Crimean conditions with the direct seeding technology.

   The average annual air temperature in 2017-2024 exceeded the annual average by 1.3–3.4 °C according to the Klepinino agrometeorological station dates. The precipitation amount in 2017, 2020 and 2024 can be estimated as having formed extremely arid conditions. The average climatic indicators for three of the eight years of observations (2019, 2021, 2022) were close to the average climatic indicator. The amount of precipitation in 2018 and 2023 exceeded the indicator by 116 and 118 %. During the years of study, the available moisture was the same in different technologies, with minor differences within the margin of error. The equilibrium density in the 0–30 cm soil layer for both technologies was within optimal values and amounted to 1.27–1.28 g/cm³. The seeds Inoculation to a significant increase in yield on the direct sowing option for oilseed flax by 0.06 t per ha, on winter barley it amounted to 0.31 t per ha, on grain sorghum by 0.14 t per ha has contributed. The average annual productivity of the crop rotation with direct seeding, where seed inoculation with Microbiokom-Agro was used, was the largest with 2.38 tons of grain units per 1 ha, and with 2.79 tons of feed protein units per 1 ha. The obtained research results for the introduction of resource- and energy-saving technologies for crop cultivation in the agro-systems of the steppe Crimea can be recommended with mandatory inoculation of seeds with multifunctional microbial preparations.

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