Digital support of agrotechnologies in the Southern Urals’ agriculture

   The study was conducted among winter and spring wheat, winter rye, barley, sunflower, maize and soybean in the Central soil and climate zone of the Orenburg region in 2019–2024 to identify the efficiency of digital methods in managing the productivity of field crops.

   Digital monitoring of the development of biological mass was carried out using the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) based on remote sensing Earth data (RS) and ground scanning with a hand-held sensor. The area of the assimilation surface of plants was determined by the weight method. When processing the digital material, there were used generally accepted methods of statistical analysis. The weather conditions corresponded to the aridity of the climate typical for the region, with increased heat resources and limited air moisture. With the sum of active (above 10 ^oC) temperatures of 3402 ^oC and 232 mm of precipitation, on average, Selyaninov HHC was 0.69 units during the study period. There has been established high intra-field heterogeneity of plant biomass, accompanied by spatial variability of productivity and gross harvests’ decrease. There has been determined acceptability of digital methods for expressing it in the form of NDVI mosaic. There has been identified a strong correlation between its value and the assimilation surface area (r = 0.86–0.89) and productivity of field crops (r = 0.79–0.83) according to elementary field plots. There have been substantiated prospects for forming a zonal (regional) base of optimal NDVI values characteristic of highly productive (reference) crops and the practical feasibility of their use in corrective agricultural practices in precision (digital) farming technologies. On the southern blackearth of the Orenburg region, with discrete application of mineral fertilizers, there has been found an increase from 0.64 to 0.79 units in the mean NDVI value in the spring wheat field, a decrease in the spatial variability of biomass and an increase in grain productivity by 0.32 t/ha or 22.6 % in comparison with the application of the entire fertilizer rate in a continuous manner in one go.

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