The process of photosynthesis and productivity of promising winter common wheat varieties at different nitrogen and phosphorus nutrition levels under irrigation

   New varieties that form large productivity due to scientifically based application of fertilizers and are better adapted to the specific area where they will subsequently be propagated are of great importance in improving winter common wheat productivity. The current study was conducted from 2022 to 2024, on meadow-chestnut heavy loamy soil of the Tersko-Sulak subprovince of Dagestan under irrigation. There has been studied the effect of different doses of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers on photosynthesis in promising winter wheat varieties. There have been studied fertilizer doses N96P66, N138P91, N180P117 on five winter wheat varieties ‘Klassika’, ‘Timiryazevka 150’, ‘Stil 18’, ‘Bumba’, ‘Elanchik’ developed in the P.P. Lukyanenko National Grain Center. There have been identified the varieties ‘Timiryazevka 150’ and ‘Bumba’ with the highest intensity of the photosynthesis process. The maximum foliar surface area was shown by the variety ‘Timiryazevka 150’ with 44.2 thousand m2/ha and the variety ‘Bumba’ with 43.7 thousand m2/ha. The photosynthetic potential of these varieties was at the level of 2.47 and 2.45 million m²/ha days, respectively. The highest indicators for net productivity of photosynthesis were 4.4 g/m² a day for the variety ‘Timiryazevka 150’ and 4.3 g/m² a day for the variety ‘Bumba’ with the application of a dose of mineral fertilizers N180P117 and the best indicators for grain productivity with 6.71 t/ha and 6.50 t/ha, respectively, in the variant for obtaining the planned productivity of 6.0 t/ha.

1. Bil'dieva E. A., Eroshenko F. V., Gadzhiumarov R. G., Epifanova R. F. Fotosinteticheskaya produktivnost' ozimoi pshenitsy, vozdelyvaemoi po tekhnologii No-till [Photosynthetic productivity of winter wheat grown using no-till technology] // Agrarnyi nauchnyi zhurnal. 2021. № 3. S. 14–17. DOI: 10.28983/asj.y2021i3pp14-17

2. Gasanov G. N., Magomedov N. R., Abdullaev Zh. N. Vliyanie priemov obrabotki kashtanovoi pochvy na produktivnost' zvena sevooborota «pozhnivnaya kul'tura–ozimaya pshenitsa» v Primorskoi podprovintsii Dagestana [The effect of chestnut soil cultivation methods on productivity of the crop rotation link “stubble crop – winter wheat” in the Primorsky sub-province of Dagestan] // Agrarnaya nauka. 2012. № 3. S. 9–12.

3. Denisov A. A., Motorin A. S. Osobennosti formirovaniya fitotsenoza mnogoletnikh trav na Krainem Severe [Features of the formation of perennial grass phytocenosis in the Far North] // Vestnik KrasGAU. 2021. № 2. S. 17–25. DOI: 10.36718/1819-4036-2021-2-17-25

4. Dospekhov B. A. Metodika polevogo opyta (s osnovami statisticheskoi obrabotki rezul'tatov issledovanii) [Methodology of a field trial (with the basics of statistical processing of the study results)]. 5-e izd., pererab. i dop. M.: Kniga po trebovaniyu, 2014. 351 s.

5. Duktova N. A. Parametry fotosinteticheskoi deyatel'nosti sortoobraztsov yarovoi tverdoi pshenitsy [Parameters of photosynthetic activity of spring durum wheat varieties] // Vestnik Belorusskoi gosudarstvennoi sel'skokhozyaistvennoi akademii. 2014. № 4(95). S. 6–11.

6. Ionova E. V., Gaze V. L., Likhovidova V. A. Fotosinteticheskaya deyatel'nost' i dinamika nakopleniya sukhoi massy rastenii ozimoi myagkoi pshenitsy v zavisimosti ot uslovii vyrashchivaniya [Photosynthetic activity and dynamics of dry mass accumulation of winter common wheat plants depending on growing conditions] // Zernovoe khozyaistvo Rossii. 2020. № 1(67). S. 23–27. DOI: 10.31367/2079-8725-2020-67-1-23-27

7. Kaziev M-R. A., Magomedov N. R., Magomedov N. N. Produktivnost' Perspektivnykh sortov ozimoi pshenitsy pri vyrashchivanii na planiruemuyu urozhainost' [Productivity of promising winter wheat varieties when grown for the planned productivity] // Plodorodie. 2023. № 3. S. 71–73. DOI: 10.24412/1994-8603-2024-3138-71-73

8. Kosenko S. V. Svyaz' listovoi poverkhnosti razlichnykh po skorospelosti sortov ozimoi pshenitsy s produktivnost'yu v usloviyakh Povolzh'ya [Correlation between leaf area of winter wheat varieties and productivity in the Volga region] // Mezhdunarodnyi sel'skokhozyaistvennyi zhurnal. 2023. № 2(192). S. 168–170. DOI: 10.55186/25876740.2023.66.2.168

9. Orlov A. N., Tkachuk O. A., Pavlikova E. V. Sovershenstvovanie tekhnologii vozdelyvaniya yarovoi pshenitsy v lesostepi Srednego Povolzh'ya [Improving spring wheat cultivation technology in the forest-steppe of the Middle Volga region] // Izvestiya Orenburgskogo gosudarstvennogo agrarnogo universiteta. 2009. № 22(1). S. 12–15.

10. Sandukhadze B. I., Mamedov R. Z., Krakhmaleva M. S., Bugrova V. V. Urozhainost' sortov ozimoi myagkoi pshenitsy, elementy ee struktury i adaptivnye svoistva v usloviyakh Nechernozemnoi zony [Productivity of winter common wheat varieties, its structure elements and adaptive properties in the Non-Blackearth area] // Zernobobovye i krupyanye kul'tury. 2021. №3(39). S. 17–22. DOI: 10.24412/2309-348X-2021-3-17-22

11. Sofronova V. E., Chepalov V. A. Fotoingibirovanie i izmeneniya v pigmentnom sostave pobegov ephedra monosperma pri formirovanii morozoustoichivogo sostoyaniya v usloviyakh ekstremal'nogo klimata Yakutii [Photoinhibition and changes in the pigment composition of ephedra monosperma shoots during the formation of a frost-resistant state in the extreme climate of Yakutia] // Sovremennye problemy nauki i obrazovaniya. 2011. № 6.

12. Khakimov Sh. Z. Vliyanie norm mineral'nykh udobrenii na urozhainost' sortov ozimoi pshenitsy [The effect of mineral fertilizer rates on productivity of winter wheat varieties] // Tekhnicheskie nauki. 2023. № 11(116). S. 5–7. DOI: 10.32743/unitech.2023.116.11.16278

13. Fadeeva I. D., Kurmakaev F. F., Saubanova G. R. Formirovanie kachestva zerna sortami ozimoi pshenitsy [Formation of grain quality by winter wheat varieties] // Zernobobovye i krupyanye kul'tury. 2024. № 3(51) S. 41–47. DOI: 10.24412/2309-348Kh-2024-3-41-47