The effect of drought on productivity formation of winter durum wheat varieties

   Durum wheat is one of the most important agricultural crops. Under changing climate, crops are increasingly exposed to the negative effects of droughts and high temperatures. To reduce yield losses, it is necessary to develop and introduce varieties resistant to adverse environmental factors. The trials were conducted in the laboratory for cell breeding, jointly with the laboratory for winter durum wheat breeding and seed production at the FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy” in 2021–2023. There have been studied five locally developed winter durum wheat varieties.

   The purpose of current study was to estimate the effect of varying soil moisture conditions on productivity and yield structure elements of winter durum wheat.

   Under arid conditions, plant productivity was determined by several morphophysiological traits, such as a number of productive stems, a number and weight of kernels per main ear, and a kernel formation degree. The study under conditions with contrasting moisture conditions allowed identifying winter durum wheat varieties with high values of traits combined with the lowest drought depression degree. There have been identified the varieties according to a number of kernels per ear (‘Khrizolit’ and ‘Ellada’), according to kernel weight per main ear and 1000-kernel weight, and according to productivity (‘Solntsedar’ and ‘Karotinka’). The results of field and laboratory trials with varied weather conditions allowed identifying largely productive winter durum wheat varieties ‘Ellada’ (9.55 t/ha) and ‘Karotinka’ (9.00 t/ha).

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