Vegetation period and productivity of spring common wheat of different maturity groups in the forest-steppe of the Krasnoyarsk territory

Abstract

The purpose of the current study was to determine the variability of the vegetation period and productivity of spring wheat and their correlation with weather factors. The study was conducted on the experimental foreststeppe plots of the Krasnoyarsk RIA in 2021–2024. The objects of the study were 14 spring wheat varieties and breeding samples. There have been selected 12 best samples developed in the Krasnoyarsk RIA, including the middle-late standard variety ‘Svirel’, the middle-early standard variety ‘Altayskaya 70’ and the middle-maturing variety ‘Altayskaya 75’. There have been presented the results of varying the length of the vegetation period and productivity and their correlation with weather factors. The longest vegetation period from 89 to 102 days was established under low temperatures in July and August of 2022. The shortest one from 74 to 81 days was in 2024, the warmest year. The most stable one was the period ‘sprouts-heading stage’ (V = 1.8–3.8 %). The correlation between the mean daily temperature and the length of the vegetation period for 14 years (2011–2024) of the variety ‘Altayskaya 70’ was r = -0.72±0.20. The precipitation effect was positive, but insignificant with r = 0.48±0.25. Similar values were obtained by determining the correlation among productivity, temperature and precipitation with r = -0.80±0.17 and r = 0.19±0.28, respectively. The correlation between the length of the vegetation period and productivity was average positive with r = 0.41±0.26. Productivity increased from the middle-early varieties (4.04 t/ha) to middle-late ones (4.47 t/ha). On average, over 4 years, the best productivity in the middle-early group was given by the breeding sample ‘K-858-2’ (4.58 t/ha), in the middle-maturing group these were the samples ‘K-890-7’ and ‘K-943-2’ (4.52 and 4.55 t/ha), in the middle-late group these were ‘K-963-6’ and ‘K-960-7’ (4.64 and 4.66 t/ha). The increases to the standards of the corresponding maturity group amounted from 19 to 27 %. The middle-maturing breeding sample ‘K-890-7’, selected according to the study results, is being prepared to be sent to the State Variety Testing.