Inheritance of ‘plant height’ in F1–F2 grain sorghum combinations obtained between parental fоrms distant in ecological and geographical origin
https://doi.org/10.31367/2079-8725-2025-97-2-5-12
Abstract
In the grain sorghum breeding programs, much attention is paid to the trait ‘plant height’. New varieties and hybrids of this crop must be technologically advanced and, above all, meet the requirements for mechanized cultivation according to plant height. In this regard, the purpose of the current research was to establish the patterns of inheritance of ‘plant height’ in grain sorghum hybrid combinations of the first and second generation obtained between samples that were of distant ecological and geographical origin. In order to develop new breeding material adapted to mechanized cultivation, in the hybridization scheme of 2020 there were included varieties ‘Luchistoye’ and ‘Ataman’ of the FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy”, adapted to local conditions, as well as the Ugandan varieties ‘Seso 1’ and ‘Narosorg 1’. The study was carried out on the experimental plots of the FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy” in 2020–2022. The trait ‘plant height’ was estimated at the stage of full plant maturity. To analyze the inheritance of the trait in F1 hybrids, there have been estimated dominance degrees, true and hypothetical heterosis values. Hybridological analysis of plant height in F2 hybrids was conducted using Polygen A segregation model search program. In grain sorghum hybrid combinations of the first generation, obtained between ecologically and geographically distant parental forms, there was an overdominance of the trait ‘plant height’ (hp = 7.8–61.0), as well as the manifestation of true (24.2–37.1 %) and hypothetical (25.3–39.8 %) heterosis. The analysis of second-generation hybrids made it possible to establish differences between parental forms in two pairs of genes, which allowed in most cases to combine them with genes of other quantitative traits.
About the Authors
V. V. KovtunovRussian Federation
Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, leading researcher of the laboratory for sorghum breeding and seed production.
347740, Rostov region, Zernograd, Nauchny Gorodok Str., 3; 344003, Rostov region, Rostov-on-Don, Gagarin Sq., 2
P. I. Kostylev
Russian Federation
Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, professor, main researcher of the laboratory for rice breeding and seed production.
347740, Rostov region, Zernograd, Nauchny Gorodok Str., 3
N. A. Kovtunova
Russian Federation
Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, leading researcher of the laboratory for sorghum breeding and seed production.
347740, Rostov region, Zernograd, Nauchny Gorodok Str., 3
Yu. V. Repeshko
Russian Federation
Agronomist of the laboratory for sorghum breeding and seed production.
347740, Rostov region, Zernograd, Nauchny Gorodok Str., 3
References
1. Ionova E.V., Likhovidova V.A., Lobunskaya I.A. Zasukha i gidrotermicheskii koeffitsient uvlazhneniya kak odin iz kriteriev otsenki stepeni ee intensivnosti (obzor literatury) [Drought and hydrothermal coefficient of moisture as one of the criteria for estimating the degree of its intensity (literature review)] // Zernovoe khozyaistvo Rossii. 2019. № 6. S. 18–22.
2. Kovtunov V. V. Selektsionno-geneticheskie aspekty povysheniya urozhainosti i uluchsheniya kachestva zerna sorgo zernovogo [Breeding and genetic aspects of improving productivity and quality of grain sorghum]: dis. … d-ra s.-kh. nauk. Zernograd, 2024. 412 c.
3. Metlina G. V., Vasil'chenko S. A., Ashiev A. R., Kravchenko N. S. Vliyanie srokov poseva i norm vyseva sortov zimuyushchego gorokha na soderzhanie belka i vykhod pitatel'nykh veshchestv [The effect of sowing dates and seeding rates of winter pea varieties on protein percentage and yield of nutrients] // Zernovoe khozyaistvo Rossii. 2024. № 1(16). S. 97–103. DOI: 10.31367/2079-8725-2024-90-1-97-103
4. Boyles R. E., Brenton Z. W., Kresovich S. Genetic and genomic resources of sorghum to connect genotype with phenotype in contrasting environments // The Plant Journal. 2019. Vol. 97, P. 19–39.
5. George Jaeggli B., Lefèvre Arbogast S., Hunt C., Cruickshank A., Jordan D. R. Tall 3-dwarfs: oxymoron or opportunity to increase grain yield in sorghum? // Planta. 2021. Vol. 253, Article number: 110.
6. Jordan D. R., Tao Y., Godwin I. D., Henzell R. G., Cooper M., McIntyre C. L. Prediction of hybrid performance in grain sorghum using RFLP markers // Theor Appl Genet. 2003. Vol. 106, P. 559–567.
7. Olson S.N., Ritter K., Rooney W., Kemanian A., McCarl B.A., Zhang Y. High biomass yield energy sorghum: Developing a genetic model for C4 grass bioenergy crops // Biofuels, Bioprod Biorefining. 2012. P. 640–655. DOI: 10.1002/bbb.1357
8. Rivero R.M., Mittler R., Blumwald E., Zandalinas S.I. Developing climate-resilient crops: improving plant tolerance to stress combination // Plant J. 2022. Vol. 109, P. 373–389.
9. Takanashi H. Genetic control of morphological traits useful for improving sorghum // Breeding Science. 2023. Vol. 73. P. 57–69. DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.22069
10. Yamaguchi M., Fujimoto H., Hirano K. Sorghum Dw1, an agronomically important gene for lodging resistance, encodes a novel protein involved in cell proliferation / // Scientific Reports. 2016. Vol. 6, Article number: 28366.
Review
For citations:
Kovtunov V.V., Kostylev P.I., Kovtunova N.A., Repeshko Yu.V. Inheritance of ‘plant height’ in F1–F2 grain sorghum combinations obtained between parental fоrms distant in ecological and geographical origin. Grain Economy of Russia. 2025;17(2):5-12. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.31367/2079-8725-2025-97-2-5-12