Study results of dwarf rust spread in winter barley nurseries

Abstract

Dwarf rust spread in winter barley crops and the phytopathological plot of the FSBSI Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” has been studied since 2013. Among the breeding and collection material, it was necessary to identify a variety being highly susceptible to the pathogen in order to develop a high-quality infectious background. The pathogen spore material collected in epiphytotic years has been accumulated. In 2021, the absence of disease signs was established in 150 samples, 105 samples had 10 % of signs, the variety ‘H-5602’ (Bulgaria) was selected from the collection material, with 90 % damage of the leaf blade and the development of large pustules, ideally suited as a control for susceptibility. In 2022, out of 243 studied winter barley samples, 125 varieties, among which ‘Parallelum 2119’, ‘Parallelum 2120’, ‘Parallelum 2126’ (RF), ‘Novosadski 329’ (Yugoslavia), ‘Posaune’ (England), ‘Vektra’ (Netherlands), ‘Kupets’ (RF), etc., showed no signs of damage. In 2023, out of 244 studied samples, there were identified 9 varieties ‘HVW 1427’, ‘Cita’, ‘Nixe’, ‘Post’, ‘KWS 2-234’, ‘Tiffani’ (Germany), ‘Explorer 8’ (France) and ‘Gupsi’, ‘Willis’ (USA) without signs of damage. In 2024, 35 samples out of 229 studied were found to have no signs of dwarf rust damage (‘Parallelum 2216’, ‘Pallidum 2100’, ‘Pallidum 2100’, ‘Ogonkovsky’ (RF), ‘Sombrero’ (England), etc.). Over the years of the study, there were identified 3 varieties ‘Zherun’ (Bulgaria), ‘Romy’ (Austria), ‘Ogonkovsky’ (RF) that were not affected by the pathogen, and 129 samples with different reactions over the years, but no more than 10 % damage (among which ‘Veslets’ (Bulgaria), ‘Parallelum 2110’, ‘Parallelum 2136’ (RF), etc.). Among the varieties developed in the FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy”, included in the State List of Breeding Achievements of the Russian Federation and approved for use in production, the variety ‘Foks 1’ was the best in pathogen manifestation with less than 5 %. Pathogen resistance (up to 10 % damage) was demonstrated by the varieties ‘Timofey’, ‘Marusya’, ‘Zhiguli’ and ‘Erema’.