Study of yield and its structure elements of new winter common wheat varieties developed by the ARC “Donskoy” according to the forecrop 'sunflower'

The study was conducted on the experimental plots of the FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy” in 2022–2024. The objects of the study were 13 winter common wheat varieties of the competitive variety testing of the laboratory for breeding and seed production of winter common wheat of semi-intensive type. Sunflower was used as a forecrop. The purpose of the current study was to analyze the effect of the yield structure elements of the productivity of winter common wheat varieties developed by the FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy”, according to the forecrop ‘sunflower’ in the southern part of the Rostov region. The study was conducted over three years, and they showed that the productivity varied from 5.96 t/ha of the variety ‘Volnitsa’ to 7.22 t/ha of the variety ‘Donetsk’. The number of productive stems varied from 520 pcs/m² to 615 pcs/m², the maximum values were established in the varieties ‘Ayuta’ (597 pcs/m²) and ‘Donetsk’ (615 pcs/m²). The ear length varied from 8.1 cm of the standard variety ‘Don 107’ to 10.3 cm of the variety ‘Premiera’. The number of spikelets per ear varied from 17.2 pcs (the standard variety ‘Don 107’) to 22.8 pcs (the variety ‘Ambar’). Most varieties have shown the maximum values of this trait, which exceeded the indicators of the standard variety ‘Don 107’ by 1.9–5.6 pieces. The maximum number of grains per ear was formed by the varieties ‘Ayuta’ (32.7 pieces), ‘PodarokKrymu’ (33.0 pieces), ‘Zhavoronok’ (33.1 pieces), ‘Donetsk’ (35.2 pieces). The correlation analysis of the yield and its elements according to the forecrop ‘sunflower’ has established that productivity was formed due to the number of productive stems (r = 0.71±0.24), grain weight per ear (r = 0.51±0.24), 1000-grain weight (r = 0.44±0.26). The rest yield structure elements were of a lesser effect on productivity of new varieties.

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