Study of stress resistance during seed germination and productivity of parental forms of maize hybrids at early sowing periods

The current study was conducted at early and optimal sowing periods in the Predgorny district of the Stavropol Krai in 2022–2023. There were studied four maternal and four paternal forms of maize hybrids ‘Mashuk 140’, ‘Mashuk 171’, ‘Baikal’ and ‘Mashuk 250 SV’. The trials were carried out according to a unified methodology using seeds of parental forms of the 2015–2022 harvest. Seeds of past years were stored in a freezer at a temperature of -18 °C. Statistical processing of data to determine the significance of differences and the share of factors’ effect was carried out by the method of two-factor dispersion analysis using the program AGROS-2.09. There was established that the laboratory seed germination at a temperature of +20 °C, regardless of the year of seed production, was not less than 90 %. With the cold germination method, the parental forms ‘Krona S’ and ‘Malvina S’ of the 2022 harvest had 79–81 % of germination. According to field germination indicators, there were identified the genotypes ‘Aurora S’,

‘RV 197’ with a high degree of stress resistance during germination at an early sowing period. The parental forms ‘Krona S’ and ‘Malvina S’ had a low degree of stress resistance. The share of the effect of the factor ‘genotype’ under unfavorable germination conditions (early sowing date) in 2023 was 54 %. At early sowing periods flowering of hybridization areas occurred under more favorable temperature conditions, which was favorable to pollination of hybridization areas and obtaining higher yields in seed crops. The sowing periods affected plant height and cob attachment height, especially for self-pollinated lines, i.e. paternal forms. Early sowing periods of hybridization areas (end of the first decade of April) in the Predgorny district of the Stavropol Krai turned out to be favorable for obtaining high seed yields.

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