Productivity and main economically valuable traits of the best breeding lines of peas of the Samara RIA

The current paper has presented the results of estimating the best pea lines in the competitive variety testing. The study was conducted in the laboratory for leguminous crop breeding selection of the Samara RIA, a branch of the SamFRC RAS in 2022–2024. The purpose of the work was to study new pea lines and select promising ones according to productivity and grain quality. The standard variety was the variety ‘Samarius’, grown for three regions (Middle Volga, Ural, Lower Volga). The vegetation periods of 2022–2024 differed greatly in moisture supply and temperature conditions. There were favorable weather conditions for the growth and development of peas in 2022 (GTC = 1.19), moderate in 2023 (GTC = 0.55), unfavorable in 2024 (GTC = 0.39). As a result, there have been identified the genotypes that exceeded grain productivity of the standard variety. The largest productivity was obtained from the lines ‘B-3865/16’ (3.49 t/ha), ‘B-3866/17’ (3.51 t/ha) and the variety ‘Srednevolzhsky 2’ (3.58 t/ha). The lines ‘B-3729/12’, ‘B-3736/2-1’, ‘B-3865/16’ were characterized by good food qualities, and the line ‘B-3866/17’ corresponded to the category of valuable qualitative varieties (with 24.4 % of protein, 123 min of cooking, 2.3 of cooking coefficient). According to productivity elements (except for 1000-seed weight), the best variety was ‘Srednevolzhsky 2’. The values of seed productivity traits of the lines were at the level of the standard. The lines were also characterized by high suitability for combine harvesting. The suitability for combine harvesting of the variety ‘Srednevolzhsky 2’ slightly decreased in the moisture-rich 2022. As a result of a comprehensive estimation, the best lines ‘B-3865/16’ and ‘B-3866/17’ will be prepared for the State Variety Testing. The remaining lines will be used in the breeding process as the sources of valuable traits.

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