Development of haploid winter wheat by the method of distant hybridization with maize

Abstract

In order to improve the breeding process and expand the genetic diversity of winter wheat, haploid lines can serve as new initial material. One of the methods for developing haploids in wheat plants is distant hybridization when crossing with maize plants and subsequent selective elimination of chromosomes. Postgamic incompatibility of parent plants can be overcome by growing embryos in vitro. The purpose of the current study was to develop haploid winter common wheat plants using the method of distant hybridization when crossing with maize and selective elimination of chromosomes. The current paper has presented the hybridization results of winter wheat varieties and hybrids ([(‘Odesskaya 200’ x ‘Agrofak 100’) x ‘Razdolie’], ‘1608/21’, ‘1638/19’, ‘Stanichnaya’, ‘221/20’, ‘Volnitsa’, ‘Knyaginya Olga’, ‘Bezostaya 100’, ‘Alekseich’) and haploproducer lines of maize (SM7, Kr 935/86, Kr 651) using the embryoculture method in vitro. As a result, there was established that the mean setting rate of hybrid grains was 64 %. The highest percentage of grains with embryos was in the combinations ‘Stanichnaya x SM7’ (30 %), ‘Bezostaya 100 x SM7’ (33 %) and ‘Volnitsa x SM7’ (36 %). The maximum number of haploid sprouts was formed in the hybrid combinations ‘Stanichnaya x SM7’ (8 pcs.), ‘Bezostaya 100 x SM7’ and ‘Volnitsa x SM7’ (7 and 7 pcs.). There were developed 37 haploid plants from 13 cross combinations. The survival rate of plants after putting into soil was 62 %. It is being planned to evaluate the developed breeding material.