ADAPTIVE BREEDING PROCESSES OF OATS AND BROMUS INERMIS IN THE CONDITIONS OF KHANGALASSKY REGION OF SAKHA REPUBLIC (YAKUTIYA)

The work deals with the scheme of breeding of new crop varieties on the example of oats and Bromus inermis. The description of climate conditions Khangalassky region of Sakha Republic (Yakutiya) during the periods of study (1999-2004, 2006-2007, 2011-2013) was given with attached graphics of precipitations and temperatures in vegetation periods of various years. On the examples of oats and Bromus inermis we gave the terms of breeding process according to a standard and adaptive schemes and considered the research results of assessment and selection of adaptive species of oats and Bromus inermis. In the conditions of permafrost soils in Yakutiay we found such basic economic-valuable traits of Bromus inermis grown without fertilizing, as positive coefficient of correlation between winter tolerance and density of plants, strong stability of green mass productivity without fertilizing and irrigation (1187…1415 g/м² or 119…142 c/ha) and seed productivity (to 26 g/m²). As for oats, grown without fertilizers and herbicides, its precocity lasted 70 days and mass of 1000 seeds was 38,5…41,4 g. At accelerated breeding process with oats as an annual crop, attention should be paid on such adaptive properties as precocity and grain size. Winter tolerance and structure of herbage of Bromus inermis should be taken into account. We can determine an adaptive breeding process as one of the accelerated process of breeding of necessary oats and Bromus inermis varieties to improve fodder basis of plant-growing in Sakha Republic (Yakutiya)

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