PRINCIPAL BREEDING TRENDS OF SOFT WINTER WHEAT OF INTENSIVE TYPE IN I.G. KALINENKO ARRIGC

The southern part of RF, including the Rostov region, is a favorable area for high yields of winter wheat. It can be also characterized as a territory with such sharp agro-ecological contradictions as intensive use of lands, large consumption of soil nutrients and moisture by previous crops, imbalance of macro and micro elements. Great number of crops, vast areas occupied with one or several genetically close varieties, use of pesticides and their mutagenic and selective effects worsen the further growth of productivity. In the 90-s the average productivity was about 4,0 t/ha in some parts of the Rostov region, in the others the potential of grain productivity was used only on 30-40%. All those made the researchers of ARRIGC completely change the breeding trends, i.e. taking into account the situation in the production, refocus it into an adaptive period, which combines a breeding, a variety testing and a seed-growing stages. Such approach allowed conducting variety breeding with a high adaptability to abiotic and biotic stresses, a vast geographic adaptability. The study of breeding material and new varieties in a wide range of agro technologic and ecologic conditions, comprehensiveness in cooperation with the laboratories of technologies, biotechnologies and immunity gave an opportunity to breed the cultivars with complex tolerance to pathogens, high productivity and grain quality. The article gives the breeding results of soft winter wheat of intensive type for the 50 years period. It has been given the characteristics of the cultivars and methods of their breeding.  

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