BREEDING OF SIMPLE MODIFIED MAIZE HYBRIDS ON SISTER CROSSINGS

Abstract

According to the amount of self-pollinated lines we distinguish such main types of maize hybrids as simple interline, three-line and double interline ones. Simple interline hybrids are considered to be the most productive and stable. In the Russian Federation simple hybrids did not gain wide spread because of their low seed productivity of parent forms, self-pollinated lines. One of the ways to solve the problem is to breed simple modified hybrids with grain productivity equivalent to simple hybrids together with high seed productivity of mother forms. It has been suggested a method of breeding of modified hybrids by substituting mother form (AxB) in three-line hybrids (AxB)xC on sister hybrids. Mother form of simple hybrid (AxB) and backcrossing hybrids (AxB)xA and (AxB)xB have been taken as an initial material for hybridization of sister lines.  It allowed creating new sister lines of three groups with different origins. They were used for sister hybrids, and those hybrids for breeding of simple modified hybrids. Simple modified hybrids of maize, which possess larger productivity than a three-line hybrid ‘Gefest MV’ and high seed productivity of mother form, have been received. The best of them ‘(BP 263/326 – 1 х BP263/326 – 4) х КV399’ is characterized with grain productivity of 5,12 t/ha, seed productivity of mother form of 1,81 t/ha, lodging stability and tolerance to smut infection. The back crossing hybrid ‘(КV263 х КV 326) х КV263’ turned to be the best one as an initial material for breeding of sister lines; self-pollinated line ‘КV 263’ with high SKS was used for back crossing.