The effect of biological products and microelement fertilizer ‘Organomix’ on maize productivity in the southern part of the Rostov region

The current paper has presented the study results on the effect of biological products and microelement fertilizers ‘Organomix’ on productivity of the maize hybrid ‘Zernogradsky 354MV’ carried out in laboratory for cultivation technologies of row crops (FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy”) in 2019–2020. The soil in the experimental plot was favorable for the cultivation of corn, containing 3.36% of humus in the arable layer, 24.4 mg of mobile phosphorus, and 360 mg of exchangeable potassium per 1 kg of soil. The soil pH was 7.0. The study was carried out to estimate the effect of the use of biological products for seed treatment and microelement fertilizers ‘Organomix’ for plant treatment on productivity and economic efficiency of maize cultivation. There was low moisture content of sowings during the period of the trial. There was established an uneven distribution of precipitation, the value of the hydrothermal coefficient was less than 1 (0.64 in 2019 and 0.65 in 2020), which indicated the dryness of the vegetation period. The studied biological products and microelement fertilizers influenced the yield structure elements. The applied biological products and microelement fertilizers ‘Organomix’ improved survival rate of plants before harvesting (the plant density was 4.39–4.54 pcs/m²). There was increase of grain productivity indicators, namely cob weight ranged from 112.9 to 125.7 g, grain weight per ear varied from 94.4 to 104.8 g and 1000-grain weight was 221.2–231.4 g. The improvement of the yield structure elements increased grain productivity on 0.25–0.77 t/ha. Economic efficiency showed that the use of biological products and microelement fertilizers raised the conditional net income to the level of 28 061–34 821 rubles/ha, profitability up to 167.6–201.8% and reduced production costs to 4640–5231 rubles/t.

1. Alabushev A.V., Suharev A.A, Popov A.S., Kambulov S.I., YAnkovskij N.G., Ovsyannikov G.V. Minimizaciya obrabotki pochvy pod propashnye kul'tury i ih produktivnost' [Minimization of tillage for row crops and their productivity] // Agrarnaya nauka Evro-Severo-Vostoka. 2016. № 6(55). S. 30–33.

2. Zavalin A.A. Biopreparaty, udobreniya i urozhaj [Biological products, fertilizers and productivity]. M.: Izd-vo VNIIA, 2005. 302 s.

3. Kashukoev M.V., Hucinova M.M., Kanukova ZH.O. Dovskhodovoe primenenie gerbicidov v posevah kukuruzy [Pre-sprouting application of herbicides in maize sowings] // Vestnik rossijskoj sel'skohozyajstvennoj nauki. 2019. № 4. S. 22–28. DOI: 10.30850/vrsn/2019/4/22-28.

4. Kozhemyakov A.P., Laktionov YU.V., Popova T.A., Orlova A.G., Kokorina A.L., VajshlyaO.B., Agafonov E.V., Guzhvin S.A., CHurakov A.A., YAkovleva M.T. Agrotekhnologicheskie osnovy sozdaniya usovershenstvovannyh form mikrobnyh biopreparatov dlya zemledeliya [Agrotechnological foundations for the development of improved forms of microbial biological products for agriculture] // Sel'skohozyajstvennaya biologiya. 2015. T. 50. № 3. S. 369–376.

5. Osipov YU.F. KalenichV.I., Krasnoshtanova V.S. Puti povysheniya effektivnosti ispol'zovaniya azota udobrenij ozimymi zlakovymi kul'turami [Ways to increase the application efficiency of nitrogen fertilizers by winter grain crops] // Primenenie udobrenij v sovremennom zemledelii: Materialy nauchno-prakticheskoj konferencii, posvyashchennoj 110-letiyu so dnya rozhdeniya akademika V.I. SHempelya. Minsk UP «IVC Minfina», 2018. 219 s.

6. Sistema vedeniya agropromyshlennogo proizvodstva Rostovskoj oblasti (na period 2013–2020 gg.) [The system of agro-industrial production of the Rostov region (for the period 2013–2020)]. CH.2. Rostov n/D, 2013. 272 s.

7. Starikova D.V., Kostylev P.I. Vliyanie himicheskih stimulyatorov i biologicheskih preparatov na produktivnost' ozimoj pshenicy [Influence of chemical stimulants and biological products on winter wheat productivity] // Zernovoe hozyajstvo Rossii. 2014. № 1(31). S. 54–59.

8. Filenko G.A., Firsova T.I., Doncova A.A. Vliyanie stimulyatorov rosta sovmestno s protravitelem semyan na produktivnost' sorta yarovogo yachmenya SHCHedryj [Influence of growth stimulants together with seed protectants on productivity of the spring barley variety ‘Shchedry’] // Zernovoe hozyajstvo Rossii. 2016. № 3(45). S. 28–31.

9. Flavobakterin: biofungicid shirokogo spektra dejstviya [‘Flavobacterin’, a broad spectrum biofungicide] [Elektronnyj resurs]. Rezhim dostupa: https://biopreparaty.ru/flavobakterin.

10. ZHidkie helatnye udobreniya «Organomiks» [Liquid chelated fertilizers Organomix] [Elektronnyj resurs]. Rezhim dostupa: http://petrohim.ru/page_id=293.