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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">zhros</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Зерновое хозяйство России</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Grain Economy of Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2079-8725</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2079-8733</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение "Аграрный научный центр "Донской»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31367/2079-8725-2019-64-4-54-60</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">zhros-710</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СЕЛЕКЦИЯ И СЕМЕНОВОДСТВО СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННЫХ РАСТЕНИЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PLANT BREEDING AND SEED PRODUCTION OF AGRICULTURAL CROPS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ПРОЛАМИНЫ ЗЕРНА ПШЕНИЦ – ОТ БИОХИМИИ К ГЕНЕТИКЕ И СЕЛЕКЦИИ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>PROLAMINS OF WHEAT GRAIN – FROM BIOCHEMISTRY TO GENETICS AND BREEDING</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8824-1033</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Копусь</surname><given-names>М. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kopus</surname><given-names>M. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник, </p><p>347740, Ростовская обл., г. Зерноград, Научный городок, 3,</p><p>vniizk30@mail.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Biological Sciences, leading researcher, </p><p>347740, Rostov region, Zernograd, Nauchny gorodok, 3,</p><p>vniizk30@mail.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">biokhimiya.vniizk@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2840-6219</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ионова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ionova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор сельскохозяйственных наук, заместитель директора по науке, </p><p>347740, Ростовская обл., г. Зерноград, Научный городок, 3,</p><p>vniizk30@mail.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, deputy director on Science, </p><p>347740, Rostov region, Zernograd, Nauchny gorodok, 3,</p><p>vniizk30@mail.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ionova-ev@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5251-3903</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Марченко</surname><given-names>Д. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Marchenko</surname><given-names>D. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, ведущий научный сотрудник, зав. отделом селекции и семеноводства озимой пшеницы,</p><p>347740, Ростовская обл., г. Зерноград, Научный городок, 3,</p><p>vniizk30@mail.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, leading researcher, head of the laboratory of winter wheat breeding and seed production,</p><p>347740, Rostov region, Zernograd, Nauchny gorodok, 3</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vniizk30@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Аграрный научный центр «Донской»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>FSBSI “Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>09</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>54</fpage><lpage>60</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Копусь М.М., Ионова Е.В., Марченко Д.М., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Копусь М.М., Ионова Е.В., Марченко Д.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kopus M.M., Ionova E.V., Marchenko D.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.zhros.online/jour/article/view/710">https://www.zhros.online/jour/article/view/710</self-uri><abstract><p>Изложены этапы изучения биохимической гетерогенности клейковинных белков зерна пшеницы как важнейшего фактора хлебопекарного качества муки. Показано, что биохимическая гетерогенность белков клейковины вызывается генетическими факторами.</p><p>Современные электрофоретические методы на гелевых носителях позволяют изучать компонентный состав белков сортов, биотипов, линий, расщепляющихся гибридов и выделять (идентифицировать) менделирующие единицы спектра (гены, аллели). Применению идеи генетической номенклатуры наследственной единицы глиадинов (блока компонентов) исполнилось более 40 лет, и предложена она была отечественными учеными (Копусь, Попереля, Созинов). Это позволило составить каталоги блоков компонентов (аллели), изучить их связь с качеством, морозостойкостью и другими признаками, разработать шкалу сочетания блоков глиадина в спектре сортов для селекционной оценки образцов, поступающих из питомников отборов. Установлено, что электрофореграммы проламинов служат надежным критерием для идентификации генотипов семян коммерческих сортов лабораторными методами. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The paper describes the stages of studying the biochemical heterogeneity of gluten proteins of wheat grain as an important factor in the baking quality of flour. It has been shown that the biochemical heterogeneity of gluten proteins is caused by genetic factors. Modern electrophoretic methods on gel carriers make it possible to study the component protein composition of varieties, biotypes, lines, split hybrids and to identify the Mendelian units of the spectrum (genes, alleles). The application of the idea of the genetic nomenclature of the hereditary unit of gliadins (a block of components) is over 40 years old, and it was proposed by domestic scientists (Kopus, Poperelya, Sozinov). This made it possible to compile catalogs of blocks of components (alleles), to study their correlation with quality, frost resistance and other traits, to develop a scale for combining gliadin blocks in the spectrum of varieties for the breeding assessment of samples from agro-nurseries. It has been established that electrophoregrams of prolamins serve as a reliable criterion to identify seed genotypes of commercial varieties by laboratory methods.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>проламины</kwd><kwd>клейковина</kwd><kwd>глиадин</kwd><kwd>глютенин</kwd><kwd>блоки компонентов</kwd><kwd>генетическая номенклатура</kwd><kwd>каталоги</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>prolamins</kwd><kwd>gluten</kwd><kwd>gliadin</kwd><kwd>glutenin</kwd><kwd>blocks of components</kwd><kwd>genetic nomenclature</kwd><kwd>catalogs</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Джонсон В. Генетические исследования белков пшеницы / пер. с англ. Н. А. Емельяновой и А. Г. Тихоновой. Белки семян зерновых и масляных культур. М.: Колос, 1977. С. 130-139.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dzhonson V. 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