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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">zhros</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Зерновое хозяйство России</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Grain Economy of Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2079-8725</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2079-8733</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение "Аграрный научный центр "Донской»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31367/2079-8725-2026-103-2-30-35</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">zhros-3405</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СЕЛЕКЦИЯ И СЕМЕНОВОДСТВО СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННЫХ РАСТЕНИЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PLANT BREEDING AND SEED PRODUCTION OF AGRICULTURAL CROPS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Оценка и отбор инбредных линий кукурузы с высокой общей комбинационной способностью по урожайности зерна по результатам трёхлетнего тесткросс-анализа</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Evaluation and selection of inbred maize lines with high overall combining ability according to grain productivity based on the three-year test-cross analysis results</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Волчанский</surname><given-names>Н. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Volchansky</surname><given-names>N. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Н.Ю. Волчанский, научный сотрудник</p><p>г. Краснодар, Центральная усадьба КНИИСХ</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>N.Yu. Volchansky, researcher</p><p>350012, Krasnodarsky Krai, Krasnodar, Central estate of KRIA</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Volchanskiyn@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лемешев</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lemeshev</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Н.А. Лемешев, кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, ведущий научный сотрудник</p><p>г. Краснодар, Центральная усадьба КНИИСХ</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>N.A. Lemeshev, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, leading researcher</p><p>350012, Krasnodarsky Krai, Krasnodar, Central estate of KRIA</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nikolalemeshev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Супрунов</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Suprunov</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>А.И. Супрунов, доктор сельскохозяйственных наук, профессор, главный научный сотрудник</p><p>г. Краснодар, Центральная усадьба КНИИСХ</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>A.I. Suprunov, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, professor, main researcher</p><p>350012, Krasnodarsky Krai, Krasnodar, Central estate of KRIA</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">suprunov-kniisx@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сергиенко</surname><given-names>И. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sergienko</surname><given-names>I. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>И.Н. Сергиенко, младший научный сотрудник</p><p>г. Краснодар, Центральная усадьба КНИИСХ</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>I.N. Sergienko, junior researcher</p><p>350012, Krasnodarsky Krai, Krasnodar, Central estate of KRIA</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nenomernoi93@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «НЦЗ им П.П. Лукьненко»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>FSBSI “National Center of Grain named after P.P. Lukyanenko”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>30</fpage><lpage>35</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Волчанский Н.Ю., Лемешев Н.А., Супрунов А.И., Сергиенко И.Н., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Волчанский Н.Ю., Лемешев Н.А., Супрунов А.И., Сергиенко И.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Volchansky N.Y., Lemeshev N.A., Suprunov A.I., Sergienko I.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.zhros.online/jour/article/view/3405">https://www.zhros.online/jour/article/view/3405</self-uri><abstract><p>Целью исследования была идентификация инбредных линий кукурузы с высокой общей комбинационной способностью (GCA) по признаку «урожайность зерна» и уточнение роли специфической комбинационной способности (SCA) в формировании сверхаддитивных комбинаций в тесткросс-анализе. Оценено 56 линий в скрещиваниях с 3 тестерами (всего 168 line×tester) в 2022–2024 гг. по рандомизированной блочной схеме с трёхкратной повторностью; выполнена объединённая ANOVA с факторами «линия», «тестер», «год/среда» и взаимодействиями, расчёт эффектов GCA/SCA в рамках классического line×tester-подхода. Установлено, что дисперсия урожайности статистически значимо детерминируется аддитивной компонентой: GCA линий и тестеров вносят основной вклад, тогда как SCA выражена, но носит избирательный характер. Выявлены линии-доноры с устойчиво положительными эффектами GCA (топ-группа демонстрирует приросты порядка +3,8…+4,9 т/га относительно среднего аддитивного ожидания), пригодные для широкой комбинационной базы. Обнаружено, что использование «диагностического» тестера с отрицательной GCA позволяет экспонировать крупные положительные SCA в ряде пар; максимальные эффекты SCA в лучших комбинациях достигали ≈+7,35 т/га, что указывает на сильную комплементарность аллелей родителей. Охарактеризованы закономерности: (i) первичный отбор по GCA обеспечивает воспроизводимый прирост продуктивности в разных средах, (ii) последующая оптимизация по SCA необходима для выявления пиковых гибридов и исключения несовместимых пар.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The purpose of the current study was to identify inbred maize lines with high general combining ability (GCA) according to the trait «grain productivity» and to clarify the role of specific combining ability (SCA) in the formation of superadditive combinations in test-cross analysis. There have been studied fifty-six lines in crosses with three testers (a total of 168 lines×tester) in 2022–2024 using a randomized block design with three replications. There has been performed a pooled ANOVA with such factors as «line», «tester», «year/environment», and correlations, and estimated GCA/SCA effects using the classical «line×tester» approach. There has been established that yield variance is statistically significantly determined by the additive component. The GCA of lines and testers makes the main contribution, while the SCA is present but selective in nature. There have been identified donor lines with consistently positive GCA effects (the top group demonstrates increases of +3.8 to +4.9 t/ha relative to the average additive expectation), suitable for a wide combination. There has been found that the use of a «diagnostic» tester with a negative GCA allows displaying large positive SCA in several pairs, and the maximum SCA effects in the best combinations have reached ≈+7.35 t/ha, indicating strong complementarity of the parental alleles. There have been given characteristics to the following regularities: (i) primary selection by GCA ensures a reproducible productivity increase in different environments, (ii) subsequent optimization by SCA is necessary to identify peak hybrids and exclude incompatible pairs.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>кукуруза</kwd><kwd>селекция</kwd><kwd>общая комбинационная способность</kwd><kwd>специфическая комбинационная способность</kwd><kwd>тесткросс</kwd><kwd>урожайность зерна</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>maize</kwd><kwd>selection</kwd><kwd>general combining ability</kwd><kwd>specific combining ability</kwd><kwd>test-cross</kwd><kwd>grain productivity</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Финансовая поддержка проекта Российской Федерации в лице Министерства науки и высшего образования, Соглашение №075-15-2025-179 от 17 апреля 2025 г.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Галговская Л. 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