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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">zhros</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Зерновое хозяйство России</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Grain Economy of Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2079-8725</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2079-8733</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение "Аграрный научный центр "Донской»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31367/2079-8725-2025-96-1-89-97</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">zhros-2976</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЩЕЕ ЗЕМЛЕДЕЛИЕ И РАСТЕНИЕВОДСТВО</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>GENERAL AGRICULTURE AND PLANT BREEDING</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние биоудобрения на водный режим, интенсивность фотосинтеза и урожайность зерновых культур в условиях Степного Предуралья</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The effect of biofertilizer on water regime, intensity of photosynthesis and productivity of grain crops in the Steppe Pre-Urals</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5323-4965</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федорова</surname><given-names>Д. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedorova</surname><given-names>D. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат биологических наук, директор ботанического сада,  старший научный сотрудник научно-образовательного центра «Биологические системы  и нанотехнологии»</p><p>460018, г. Оренбург, пр-т Победы, д. 13</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Biological Sciences, head of the botanic garden,  senior researcher of the scientific and educational center “Biological systems and nanotechnologies”</p><p>460018, Orenburg, Pobeda Av., 13</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">DaryaOrlova24@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0781-3752</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Галактионова</surname><given-names>Л. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Galaktionov</surname><given-names>L. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат биологических наук, заведующий кафедрой биологии  и почвоведения</p><p>460018, г. Оренбург, пр-т Победы, д. 13</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Biological Sciences, head of the department of biology and soil study</p><p>460018, Orenburg, Pobeda Av., 13</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Оренбургский государственный университет»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>FSBEI HE “Orenburg State University”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>89</fpage><lpage>97</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Федорова Д.Г., Галактионова Л.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Федорова Д.Г., Галактионова Л.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Fedorova D.G., Galaktionov L.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.zhros.online/jour/article/view/2976">https://www.zhros.online/jour/article/view/2976</self-uri><abstract><p>Зерновые культуры имеют важное продовольственное значение, урожайность которых во многом зависит от водного режима и ассимиляционной активности растений. Цель исследования – определить влияние биоудобрения на параметры водного режима, пигментного аппарата и газового состава растений зерновых культур. Исследования были проведены в период 2021–2023 гг. на базе стационарного научного полигона ботанического сада Оренбургского государственного университета. Объектами исследования послужили сорт ярового ячменя Анна, сорт пшеницы мягкой яровой Оренбургская юбилейная и сорт пшеницы твердой яровой Оренбургская. При проведении эксперимента использовали биоудобрение, содержащее ферментированные пищевые остатки и измельченные отходы растениеводства с иммобилизированными на их поверхности бактериями B. Subtilis. Параметры водного режима исследовали согласно методике Н.Н. Кожушко. Фотометрическую диагностику проводили портативным N-тестером (модель ПРАК 431155.022, производитель ООО «Агротестер», Россия). Содержание CO2 определяли портативным газоанализатором СI-340 («CI-340 Hand-held Photosynthesis System», производитель CID Bio-Science, США). Статистическую обработку данных выполнили с использованием программы Statistica 10.0. По результатам проведенных исследований авторами отмечена схожая динамика снижения общей оводненности и интенсивности транспирации для исследуемых растений в конце периода вегетации. Установлено увеличение водного дефицита растений зерновых культур в фазе молочной спелости и его достоверное снижение в биомассе яровой пшеницы мягкой и ячменя на вариантах с применением биоудобрения по сравнению с контрольными вариантами. Максимальное значение коэффициента парной корреляции выявлено между параметрами содержания диоксида углерода и интенсивностью транспирации у мягкой пшеницы и ячменя. В отношении азота в листьях обнаружено относительное постоянство показателей у образцов с применением биоудобрения. В противоположность им, у контрольных образцов наблюдалась вариативность данного признака. Отмечается положительное влияние биоудобрений на параметры водного режима объектов исследования, а также интенсификация фотосинтетической активности при использовании данного мелиоранта, что способствовало увеличению урожайности изучаемых зерновых культур –  у ячменя на 147,1 %, у пшеницы мягкой на 105,7 %.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Grain crops are of great food value, productivity of which largely depends on the water regime and assimilation activity of plants. The purpose of the current study was to determine the effect of biofertilizer on the parameters of the water regime, pigment, and gas composition of grain crops. The study was conducted at the stationary research site of the Botanical Garden of Orenburg State University in 2021–2023. The objects of the research were the spring barley variety Anna, the spring common wheat variety Orenburgskaya Yubileinaya and the spring durum wheat variety Orenburgskaya. The experiment was carried out using biofertilizer containing fermented food residues and crushed plant waste with B. Subtilis bacteria immobilized on their surface. The water regime parameters were studied according to the method of N.N. Kozhushko. Photometric diagnostics was carried out using a portable N-tester device (model PRAK 431155.022, manufactured by Agrotester LLC, Russia). The CO2 content was measured with a portable gas analyzer CI-340 (“CI-340 Hand-held Photosynthesis System”, manufactured by CID Bio-Science, USA). Statistical data processing was performed using the program Statistica 10.0. Based on the study results of the studies, there was found similar dynamics of the decrease in total water content and transpiration intensity for the studied plants at the end of the vegetation period. There has been established a water deficit increase of grain crops in milk stage and its reliable decrease in the biomass of spring common wheat and barley when using biofertilizers in comparison with the control variants. The maximum value of the pair correlation coefficient was established between the parameters of carbon dioxide content and transpiration intensity in common wheat and barley. As for nitrogen in leaves, there has been found a relative constancy of the indices in the samples when using biofertilizer. In contrast, the control samples have shown variability of this trait. There has been identified a positive effect of biofertilizers on the parameters of the water regime of the grain crops, as well as the intensification of photosynthetic activity when using this ameliorant, which improved productivity of the studied grain crops by 147.1 % for barley, and by 105.7 % for common wheat.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>пшеница мягкая яровая</kwd><kwd>пшеница твердая яровая</kwd><kwd>ячмень яровой</kwd><kwd>водный режим</kwd><kwd>фотосинтез</kwd><kwd>биоудобрение</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>spring common wheat</kwd><kwd>spring durum wheat</kwd><kwd>spring barley</kwd><kwd>water regime</kwd><kwd>photosynthesis</kwd><kwd>biofertilizer</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда № 23-26-10079.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кожушко Н. 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