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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">zhros</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Зерновое хозяйство России</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Grain Economy of Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2079-8725</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2079-8733</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение "Аграрный научный центр "Донской»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31367/2079-8725-2023-85-2-26-33</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">zhros-2298</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СЕЛЕКЦИЯ И СЕМЕНОВОДСТВО СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННЫХ РАСТЕНИЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PLANT BREEDING AND SEED PRODUCTION OF AGRICULTURAL CROPS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Характеристика яровой шарозерной пшеницы Сакара</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Characteristics of the Indian dwarf wheat variety ‘Sakara’</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Асхадуллин</surname><given-names>Д. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Askhadullin</surname><given-names>D. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Данил Ф. Асхадуллин, кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории селекции яровой пшеницы</p><p>20059, г. Казань, ул. Оренбургский тракт, д. 48</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Danil F. Askhadullin, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, leading researcher of the laboratory for spring wheat breeding</p><p>420059, Republic of Tatarstan, Kazan, Orenburgsky Trakt Str., 48</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">trulik@ya.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2717-7178</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Асхадуллин</surname><given-names>Д. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Askhadullin</surname><given-names>D. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дамир Ф. Асхадуллин, кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории селекции яровой пшеницы</p><p>20059, г. Казань, ул. Оренбургский тракт, д. 48</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Damir F. Askhadullin, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, leading researcher of the laboratory for spring wheat breeding</p><p>420059, Republic of Tatarstan, Kazan, Orenburgsky Trakt Str., 48</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1135-486X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Василова</surname><given-names>Н. З.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vasilova</surname><given-names>N. Z.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории селекции яровой пшеницы</p><p>20059, г. Казань, ул. Оренбургский тракт, д. 48</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, leading researcher of the laboratory for spring wheat breeding</p><p>420059, Republic of Tatarstan, Kazan, Orenburgsky Trakt Str., 48</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4753-7644</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тазутдинова</surname><given-names>М. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tazutdinova</surname><given-names>M. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>научный сотрудник лаборатории селекции яровой пшеницы</p><p>20059, г. Казань, ул. Оренбургский тракт, д. 48</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>researcher of the laboratory for spring wheat breeding</p><p>420059, Republic of Tatarstan, Kazan, Orenburgsky Trakt Str., 48</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0369-6221</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хусаинова</surname><given-names>И. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khusainova</surname><given-names>I. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>научный сотрудник лаборатории селекции яровой пшеницы</p><p>20059, г. Казань, ул. Оренбургский тракт, д. 48</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>researcher of the laboratory for spring wheat breeding</p><p>420059, Republic of Tatarstan, Kazan, Orenburgsky Trakt Str., 48</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0942-8321</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гайфуллина</surname><given-names>Г. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gaifullina</surname><given-names>G. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник лаборатории селекции яровой пшеницы</p><p>20059, г. Казань, ул. Оренбургский тракт, д. 48</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>junior researcher of the laboratory for spring wheat breeding</p><p>420059, Republic of Tatarstan, Kazan, Orenburgsky Trakt Str., 48</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2006-5525</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кириллова</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kirillova</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>научный сотрудник отдела аналитических исследований</p><p>20059, г. Казань, ул. Оренбургский тракт, д. 48</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>researcher of the department of analytical study</p><p>420059, Republic of Tatarstan, Kazan, Orenburgsky Trakt Str., 48</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5328-6941</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Идиатова</surname><given-names>Р. Х.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Idiatova</surname><given-names>R. Kh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник отдела аналитических исследований</p><p>20059, г. Казань, ул. Оренбургский тракт, д. 48</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>junior researcher of the department of analytical study</p><p>420059, Republic of Tatarstan, Kazan, Orenburgsky Trakt Str., 48</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Татарский НИИСХ – обособленное структурное подразделение ФИЦ КазНЦ РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Tatar Research Institute of Agriculture, a separate structural subdivision of the FRC Kazan Research Center RAS</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>06</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>26</fpage><lpage>33</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Асхадуллин Д.Ф., Асхадуллин Д.Ф., Василова Н.З., Тазутдинова М.Р., Хусаинова И.И., Гайфуллина Г.Р., Кириллова Е.С., Идиатова Р.Х., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Асхадуллин Д.Ф., Асхадуллин Д.Ф., Василова Н.З., Тазутдинова М.Р., Хусаинова И.И., Гайфуллина Г.Р., Кириллова Е.С., Идиатова Р.Х.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Askhadullin D.F., Askhadullin D.F., Vasilova N.Z., Tazutdinova M.P., Khusainova I.I., Gaifullina G.R., Kirillova E.S., Idiatova R.K.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.zhros.online/jour/article/view/2298">https://www.zhros.online/jour/article/view/2298</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье представлены метод создания сорта яровой шарозерной пшеницы (Triticum sphaerococcum Percival) Сакара и его характеристика. Целью исследований было показать эффективность проводимой селекционной работы с шарозерной пшеницей на примере сорта Сакара на увеличение зерновой продуктивности и устойчивости к листостебельным грибным болезням при сохранении высокого качества зерна, свойственного шарозерным пшеницам. Методики исследований были адаптированы для шарозерной пшеницы на основании методик, принятых в селекции яровой мягкой пшеницы. Созданный сорт имеет свойственные виду черты – стебель короткий, прочный, неполегающий и, как следствие, устойчивость к полеганию не ниже 9 баллов, шаровидную форму зерновки при массе тысячи зерен 25,6 г, плотный, не поникающий колос, отличные качественные показатели зерна и муки, по большинству показателей соответствующих ГОСТ 34702-2020 на сильную пшеницу. Вид T. sphaerococcum ввиду характерных морфологических особенностей отличается меньшей зерновой продуктивностью, чем T. aestivum, урожайность сорта Сакара в среднем за три года испытаний на 34 % меньше, чем у стандартного сорта яровой мягкой пшеницы Йолдыз. Показано, что созданный сорт в нашей почвенно-климатической зоне характеризуется высокой полевой устойчивостью к мучнистой росе (устойчивость в среднем по годам составила 2 балла), бурой ржавчине (отмечались лишь единичные пустулы в годы сильного распространения заболевания). При искусственном заражении семян инуклиумом твердой головни степень поражения сорта этим заболеванием в среднем составила 7 %. Первый в Государственном реестре селекционных достижений сорт яровой шарозерной пшеницы Сакара рекомендован с 2023 г. для возделывания с первого по 12-й регионы.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The current paper has described the method of developing a spring shot wheat variety (Triticum sphaerococcum Percival) Sakara and its characteristics. The purpose of the current study was to show the efficiency of the ongoing breeding work with Indian dwarf, using the variety ‘Sakara’ as an example, to increase grain productivity and resistance to leaf-stem fungal diseases, while maintaining the high grain quality characteristic of shot wheats. Research methods were adapted for shot wheat based on the methods adopted in spring bread wheat breeding. The developed variety has features characteristic for a species, namely a short strong non-lodging stem and, as a result, 9 points of lodging resistance; a shot kernel shape with 25.6 g of 1000-grain weight; a dense, non-drooping head; excellent quality indicators of grain and flour, according to most indicators corresponding to GOST 34702-2020 for strong wheat. The T. sphaerococcum species, due to its characteristic morphological features, has a lower grain productivity than T. aestivum, mean productivity of the variety ‘Sakara’ for three years of testing was 34 % less than that of the standard spring bread wheat variety ‘Yoldyz’. There has been shown that the developed variety in our soil-climatic zone is characterized by high field resistance to powdery mildew (2 points of resistance on average over the years), leaf rust (there were only single pustules during the years of a strong spread of the disease). With artificial infection of seeds with the inuclium of hard smut, the damage degree of the variety averaged 7 %. The first spring shot wheat variety ‘Sakara’ has been recommended in the State List of Breeding Achievements since 2023 for cultivation from 1 to 12 regions.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Triticum sphaerococcum</kwd><kwd>селекция</kwd><kwd>качество</kwd><kwd>болезни</kwd><kwd>устойчивость</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Triticum sphaerococcum</kwd><kwd>breeding</kwd><kwd>quality</kwd><kwd>diseases</kwd><kwd>resistance</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания Татарского НИИСХ – ФИЦ КазНЦ РАН: No 122011800138-7.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Асхадуллин Данил Ф., Асхадуллин Дамир Ф., Василова Н. З., Тазутдинова М. 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