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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">zhros</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Зерновое хозяйство России</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Grain Economy of Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2079-8725</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2079-8733</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение "Аграрный научный центр "Донской»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31367/2079-8725-2022-81-3-89-94</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">zhros-1924</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЗАЩИТА РАСТЕНИЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PLANT PROTECTION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Результаты оценки сортов яровой мягкой пшеницы на устойчивость к болезням в Казанском НЦ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Estimation results of the spring bread wheat varieties on disease resistance in the Kazan Research Center</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Асхадуллин</surname><given-names>Данил Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Askhadullin</surname><given-names>Danil F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, ведущий научный сотрудник группы селекции яровой пшеницы, </p><p>420059, г. Казань, ул. Оренбургский тракт, 48</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, leading researcher of the spring wheat breeding group,</p><p>420059, Kazan, Orenburgsky Trakt Str., 48</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">trulik@ya.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2717-7178</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Асхадуллин</surname><given-names>Дамир Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Askhadullin</surname><given-names>Damir F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, ведущий научный сотрудник группы селекции яровой пшеницы, </p><p>420059, г. Казань, ул. Оренбургский тракт, 48</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, leading researcher of the spring wheat breeding group,</p><p>420059, Kazan, Orenburgsky Trakt Str., 48</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1135-486X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Василова</surname><given-names>Н. З.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vasilova</surname><given-names>N. Z.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, ведущий научный сотрудник группы селекции яровой пшеницы,</p><p>420059, г. Казань, ул. Оренбургский тракт, 48</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, leading researcher of the spring wheat breeding group,</p><p>420059, Kazan, Orenburgsky Trakt Str., 48</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4753-7644</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тазутдинова</surname><given-names>М. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tazutdinova</surname><given-names>M. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>научный сотрудник группы селекции яровой пшеницы,</p><p>420059, г. Казань, ул. Оренбургский тракт, 48</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>researcher of the spring wheat breeding group, </p><p>420059, Kazan, Orenburgsky Trakt Str., 48</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0369-6221</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хусаинова</surname><given-names>И. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khusainova</surname><given-names>I. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник группы селекции яровой пшеницы,</p><p>420059, г. Казань, ул. Оренбургский тракт, 48</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>junior researcher of the spring wheat breeding group, </p><p>420059, Kazan, Orenburgsky Trakt Str., 48</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2659-2393</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Багавиева</surname><given-names>Э. З.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bagavieva</surname><given-names>E. Z.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, старший научный сотрудник группы селекции яровой пшеницы, </p><p>420059, г. Казань, ул. Оренбургский тракт, 48</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, senior researcher of the spring wheat breeding group,</p><p>420059, Kazan, Orenburgsky Trakt Str., 48</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9439-2102</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Баранова</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Baranova</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории иммунитета растений к болезням, </p><p>196608, С.-Петербург, г. Пушкин, ш. Подбельского, д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Biological Sciences, leading researcher of the laboratory for plant disease immunity, </p><p>196608, St. Petersburg, Pushkin, Podbelsky Av., 3</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">baranova_oa@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Татарский НИИСХ – обособленное структурное подразделение ФИЦ КазНЦ РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Tatar RIA, a separate structural subdivision of the FRC KazRC RAS</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт защиты растений</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>All-Russian Research Institute of Plant Protection</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>07</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>89</fpage><lpage>94</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Асхадуллин Д.Ф., Асхадуллин Д.Ф., Василова Н.З., Тазутдинова М.Р., Хусаинова И.И., Багавиева Э.З., Баранова О.А., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Асхадуллин Д.Ф., Асхадуллин Д.Ф., Василова Н.З., Тазутдинова М.Р., Хусаинова И.И., Багавиева Э.З., Баранова О.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Askhadullin D.F., Askhadullin D.F., Vasilova N.Z., Tazutdinova M.R., Khusainova I.I., Bagavieva E.Z., Baranova O.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.zhros.online/jour/article/view/1924">https://www.zhros.online/jour/article/view/1924</self-uri><abstract><p>В Республике Татарстан в связи с благоприятными почвенно-климатическими условиями и рыночной конъюнктурой развито производство яровой пшеницы, но сборы зерна пшеницы ограничиваются рядом неблагоприятных факторов, одним из которых являются грибные болезни. В то же время прессинг патогенных грибов позволяет вести плодотворную селекционную работу в условиях Татарстана на устойчивость к болезням, чем занимается Казанский научный центр РАН. Целью исследований была оценка десяти новых сортов на устойчивость к основным грибным болезням. Изучение устойчивости к листостебельным болезням: мучнистой росе, стеблевой ржавчине, бурой листовой ржавчине, темно-бурой листовой пятнистости проводили в условиях естественного инфекционного фона, к твердой головне – искусственного, при инокуляции семян спорами твердой головни. Исследования шли в 2017–2021 годы. Анализ на предполагаемое присутствие генов устойчивости к стеблевой ржавчине проводили методом ПЦР-анализа. В результате проведенных исследований установлено, что сорта 100 лет ТАССР, Балкыш, Хазинэ, Чистопольская, Буляк имеют комплексную устойчивость ко всем изученным болезням. Сорт Ситара имеет высокую полевую устойчивость к мучнистой росе и твердой головне. Сорт Баракат – к мучнистой росе и бурой листовой ржавчине. Сорт Надира умеренно устойчив к мучнистой росе и темно-бурой листовой пятнистости. Сорта Экада 265 и Экада 282 высокоустойчивы к местной популяции стеблевой ржавчины. Молекулярно-генетическая оценка устойчивых к стеблевой ржавчине сортов яровой мягкой пшеницы: Чистопольская, 100 лет ТАССР, Балкыш, Экада 282 на предмет идентификации эффективных Sr-генов показала, что их устойчивость, по-видимому, регулируется геном Sr31. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In the Republic of Tatarstan, due to favorable soil-climatic and market conditions, spring wheat production is developed, but wheat grain yields are limited by a number of unfavorable factors, one of which is a spread of fungal diseases. At the same time, the pressure of pathogenic fungi makes it possible to carry out fruitful breeding work in Tatarstan on resistance to diseases, which is on of the main activity of the Kazan Research Center of the RAS. The purpose of the current study was to estimate ten new varieties for resistance to major fungal diseases. The study on resistance to leafy diseases, such as powdery mildew, stem rust, brown leaf rust, dark brown leaf blotch was carried out at a natural infectious background, to kernel smut on an artificial infectious background inoculating seeds with spores of kernel smut. The study was carried out between the years of 2017 and 2021. The analysis for the possible presence of stem rust resistance genes was performed by a PCR analysis. As a result of the study, there was found out that the varieties ‘Sto let TASSR’, ‘Balkysh’, ‘Khazine’, ‘Chistopolskaya’, ‘Bulyak’ had a complex resistance to all studied diseases. The variety ‘Sitara’ had a strong field resistance to powdery mildew and kernel smut. The variety ‘Barakat’ had a strong field resistance to powdery mildew and leaf rust. The variety ‘Nadira’ was moderately resistant to powdery mildew and dark brown leaf spot. The varieties ‘Ekada 265’ and ‘Ekada 282’ were highly resistant to local stem rust populations. The molecular genetic estimation of the stem rust resistant varieties of spring bread wheat ‘Chistopolskaya’, ‘Sto let TASSR’, ‘Balkysh’, ‘Ekada 282’ for the identification of effective Sr-genes has shown that their resistance is apparently regulated by the Sr31 gene. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>пшеница</kwd><kwd>болезни</kwd><kwd>мучнистая роса</kwd><kwd>ржавчина</kwd><kwd>твердая головня</kwd><kwd>устойчивость</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>wheat</kwd><kwd>diseases</kwd><kwd>powdery mildew</kwd><kwd>rust</kwd><kwd>kernel smut</kwd><kwd>resistance</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Статья подготовлена в рамках государственного задания FMEG-2022-0006.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Агапкин А.М., Махотина И.А. 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