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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">zhros</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Зерновое хозяйство России</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Grain Economy of Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2079-8725</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2079-8733</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение "Аграрный научный центр "Донской»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31367/2079-8725-2022-80-2-83-88</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">zhros-1750</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЗАЩИТА РАСТЕНИЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PLANT PROTECTION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Реакция яровой мягкой пшеницы на возбудителей твердой головни (Tilletia caries и T. Laevis) в условиях Татарстана</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Spring bread wheat response to kernel smut pathogens (Tilletia caries and T. laevis) in the Republic of Tatarstan</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Асхадуллин</surname><given-names>Д. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Askhadullin</surname><given-names>D. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Данил Ф. Асхадуллин, кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, ведущий научный сотрудник группы селекции яровой пшеницы</p><p>420059, г. Казань, ул. Оренбургский тракт, 48</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Danil F. Askhadullin, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, leading researcher of the spring wheat breeding group,</p><p>190031, Saint-Petersburg, Bolshaya Morskaya Str., 42/44</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">trulik@ya.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2717-7178</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Асхадуллин</surname><given-names>Д. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Askhadullin</surname><given-names>D. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дамир Ф. Асхадуллин, кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, ведущий научный сотрудник группы селекции яровой пшеницы</p><p>420059, г. Казань, ул. Оренбургский тракт, 48</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Damir F. Askhadullin, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, leading researcher of the spring wheat breeding group</p><p>190031, Saint-Petersburg, Bolshaya Morskaya Str., 42/44</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1135-486X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Василова</surname><given-names>Н. З.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vasilova</surname><given-names>N. Z.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Н.З. Василова, кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, ведущий научный сотрудник группы селекции яровой пшеницы</p><p>420059, г. Казань, ул. Оренбургский тракт, 48</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>N.Z. Vasilova, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, leading researcherof the spring wheat breeding group</p><p>190031, Saint-Petersburg, Bolshaya Morskaya Str., 42/44</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зуев</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zuev</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Е.В. Зуев, кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, ведущий научный сотрудник отдела генетических ресурсов пшеницы</p><p>190031, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Б. Морская, 42–44</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Е.V. Zuev, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, leading researcherof the department of wheat genetic resources</p><p>190031, Saint-Petersburg, Bolshaya Morskaya Str., 42/44</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">e.zuev@vir.nw.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2659-2393</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Багавиева</surname><given-names>Э. З.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bagavieva</surname><given-names>E. Z.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Э.З. Багавиева, кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, старший научный сотрудник группы селекции яровой пшеницы</p><p>420059, г. Казань, ул. Оренбургский тракт, 48</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>E.Z. Bagavieva, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, senior researcherof the spring wheat breeding group</p><p>190031, Saint-Petersburg, Bolshaya Morskaya Str., 42/44</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4753-7644</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тазутдинова</surname><given-names>М. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tazutdinova</surname><given-names>M. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>М.Р. Тазутдинова, научный сотрудник группы селекции яровой пшеницы</p><p>420059, г. Казань, ул. Оренбургский тракт, 48</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>М.R. Tazutdinova, researcher of the spring wheat breeding group</p><p>190031, Saint-Petersburg, Bolshaya Morskaya Str., 42/44</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0369-6221</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хусаинова</surname><given-names>И. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khusainova</surname><given-names>I. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>И.И. Хусаинова, младший научный сотрудник группы селекции яровой пшеницы</p><p>420059, г. Казань, ул. Оренбургский тракт, 48</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>I.I. Khusainova, junior researcher of the spring wheat breeding group</p><p>190031, Saint-Petersburg, Bolshaya Morskaya Str., 42/44</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Татарский НИИСХ – обособленное структурное подразделение ФИЦ КазНЦ РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Tatar RIA, a separate structural subdivision of the FRC KazRC RAS</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФИЦ ВИГРР им. Н.И. Вавилова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>All-Russian Institute of genetic resources of plants named after N.I. Vavilov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>04</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>83</fpage><lpage>88</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Асхадуллин Д.Ф., Асхадуллин Д.Ф., Василова Н.З., Зуев Е.В., Багавиева Э.З., Тазутдинова М.Р., Хусаинова И.И., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Асхадуллин Д.Ф., Асхадуллин Д.Ф., Василова Н.З., Зуев Е.В., Багавиева Э.З., Тазутдинова М.Р., Хусаинова И.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Askhadullin D.F., Askhadullin D.F., Vasilova N.Z., Zuev E.V., Bagavieva E.Z., Tazutdinova M.R., Khusainova I.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.zhros.online/jour/article/view/1750">https://www.zhros.online/jour/article/view/1750</self-uri><abstract><p>Твердая головня пшеницы (ТГ) – заболевание репродуктивных органов, при ведении малозатратного и органического земледелия производители зерна могут столкнуться с существенными потерями от этой болезни. Целью исследований был поиск устойчивых образцов к возбудителям ТГ в условиях Татарстана при искусственной инокуляции семян спорами головни. Были изучены сорта яровой пшеницы, рекомендованные к возделыванию в Республике Татарстан, почти изогенные линии сорта Red Bobs, несущие известные Bt-гены Bt 1-10 из коллекции ВИГРР им. Н.И. Вавилова. При анализе видовой структуры популяции ТГ, распространенной в Татарстане в течение 9 лет (2012–2020 гг.), было выявлено, что вид Tilletia caries превалирует над T. Levis, и соотношение видов зависит от рН почвы перед посевом. Минимальное отношение численности спор видов T. laevis / T. caries в изучаемых образцах отмечалось при pH – 4,5. Коэффициент корреляции между показателями реакции почвенного раствора и соотношением видов составил 0,86 (tфакт ˃ t теор при 1% уровне значимости). Высокоэффективными к татарстанской популяции ТГ за период 2018–2021 гг. являются гены Bt 2, Bt 5, Bt 8, Bt 9, Bt 10. У образцов M83-1621 (кат. ВИР 66238) – США и AC Cadillac (кат. ВИР 64565) – Канада, несущих ген Bt 10, признаки заболевания отсутствуют. Большая часть сортов, рекомендованных к возделыванию, – 65%, сильно- и очень сильно восприимчивы к ТГ. Слабо восприимчивы к ТГ три сорта: Черноземноуральская 2, Ситара и Бурлак.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Wheat kernel smut (KS) is a disease of the reproductive organs. With low-cost and organic farming, grain farmers can face significant losses from this disease. The purpose of the current study was to identify resistant samples to KS pathogens in the Republic of Tatarstan during artificial inoculation of seeds with smut spores. There have been studied the spring wheat varieties recommended for cultivation in the Republic of Tatarstan, almost isogenic lines of the Red Bobs variety carrying the known Bt-genes Bt 1–10 from the collection of the All-Russian Institute of Genetic Resources of Plants named after N.I. Vavilov. When analyzing the species structure of the KS population spread in Tatarstan for 9 years (2012–2020), it was found that the species Tilletia caries prevailed over T. levis and the ratio of species depended on the soil pH before sowing. The minimum ratio of the number of spores of T. laevis / T. caries species in the studied samples was noted at the soil pH of 4.5. The correlation coefficient between indicators of soil solution response and species ratio was 0.86 (tfact˃ttheor at 1% significance level). The genes Bt 2, Bt 5, Bt 8, Bt 9, Bt 10 were highly effective for the Tatarstan KS population in the period of 2018–2021. The samples ‘M83-1621’ (cat. VIR 66238) of the USA and ‘AC Cadillac’ (cat. VIR 64565) of Canada carrying the Bt 10 gene had no signs of the disease. Most of the varieties recommended for cultivation (65%) are highly and very strongly susceptible to KS. Three varieties ‘Chernozemnouralskaya 2’, ‘Sitara’ and ‘Burlak’ are found weakly susceptible to KS.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>пшеница</kwd><kwd>твердая головня</kwd><kwd>Tilletia caries</kwd><kwd>Tilletia laevis</kwd><kwd>вирулентность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>wheat</kwd><kwd>kernel smut</kwd><kwd>Tilletia caries</kwd><kwd>Tilletia laevis</kwd><kwd>virulence</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Василова Н.З., Асхадуллин Данил Ф., Асхадуллин Дамир Ф., Зайцева Т.В., Багавиева Э.З., Тазутдинова М.Р., Хусаинова И.И., Насихова Г.Р. Восприимчивость яровой мягкой пшеницы к татарстанской популяции твердой головни // Зерновое хозяйство России. 2017. № 5(53). 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