zhrosЗерновое хозяйство РоссииGrain Economy of Russia2079-87252079-8733Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение "Аграрный научный центр "Донской»10.31367/2079-8725-2022-80-2-41-47zhros-1742Research ArticleСЕЛЕКЦИЯ И СЕМЕНОВОДСТВО СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННЫХ РАСТЕНИЙPLANT BREEDING AND SEED PRODUCTION OF AGRICULTURAL CROPSГены устойчивости риса к бактериальному ожогу листьев, вызываемому Xanthomonas oryzae pv. Oryzae (обзор)Rice resistance genes to leaf blight caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. Oryzae (review)https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4371-6848КостылевП. И.KostylevP. I.

П.И. Костылев, доктор сельскохозяйственных наук, профессор, главный научный сотрудник лаборатории селекции и семеноводства риса

347740, Ростовская обл., г. Зерноград, Научный городок, 3

P.I. Kostylev, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, professor, main researcher of the laboratory for rice breeding and seed production

347740, Rostov region, Zernograd, Nauchny Gorodok, 3

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4005-9771ЧертковаН. Г.ChertkovaN. G.

Н.Г. Черткова, младший научный сотрудник лаборатории клеточной селекции

347740, Ростовская обл., г. Зерноград, Научный городок, 3

N.G. Chertkova, junior researcher of the laboratory for cell breeding

347740, Rostov region, Zernograd, Nauchny Gorodok, 3

ФГБНУ «АНЦ «Донской»РоссияAgricultural Research Center “Donskoy”Russian Federation202228042022024147Copyright © Костылев П.И., Черткова Н.Г., 20222022Костылев П.И., Черткова Н.Г.Kostylev P.I., Chertkova N.G.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.zhros.online/jour/article/view/1742

Рис является важнейшей пищевой культурой для населения земного шара и культивируется более десяти веков. Его поражают различные вирусные, грибковые и бактериальные болезни, из которых наиболее опасным является бактериальный ожог, который вызывается бактерией Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). Наиболее эффективным способом борьбы с бактериальным ожогом является использование устойчивых сортов совместно с оптимальными агротехническими методами. За последние годы в мире проведены обширные генетические и геномные исследования для выяснения молекулярного механизма реакции риса на Xoo. В результате длительных исследований учеными из Юго-Восточной Азии было идентифицировано 42 различных гена устойчивости к бактериальному ожогу, из них 9 выделены и клонированы. В настоящий момент доступны полные последовательности геномов двух разных подвидов риса japonica и indica и трех разных рас возбудителя бактериального ожога. Следовательно, взаимодействие между растениями риса и Xoo может быть расшифровано и позволит понять меры противодействия хозяина, такие как врожденный иммунитет и иммунитет, опосредованный геном R. Функциональный анализ генов устойчивости может дать ключ к развитию широкого спектра и длительной устойчивости к бактериальному ожогу. Был охарактеризован ряд генов резистентности (R) и родственных им генов авирулентности и эффекторных генов вирулентности. В данном обзоре на основе опубликованных исследований представлены последние достижения в изучении взаимодействия между растениями риса и патогеном через гены R и их продукты. Также обсуждаются стратегии селекции для создания сортов с длительной и широкой устойчивостью к Xanthomonas oryzae.

Rice is the most important food crop for the world population and has been cultivated for more than 10 centuries. It is affected by various viral, fungal and bacterial diseases, the most harmful of which is leaf blight, which is caused by the bacterium Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). The most effective way to combat leaf blight is to use resistant varieties together with good agro-technical methods. In recent years, there has been carried out an extensive genetic and genomic study to identify the molecular mechanism of rice reaction to Xoo. As a result of long-term study by the Southeast Asian farmers there were identified 42 different leaf blight resistance genes, 9 of which were isolated and cloned. Currently, complete genome sequences are available for two different rice subspecies ‘Japonica’ and ‘Indica’ and three different races of the leaf blight pathogen. Therefore, there can be estimated an interaction between rice and Xoo, which will allow establishing host responses such as innate immunity and R gene-mediated immunity. Functional analysis of resistance genes may provide clues to the development of a broad spectrum and long-term resistance to leaf blight. There has been characterized a number of resistance (R) genes and related avirulence genes and effector virulence genes. This review, based on published works has presented the latest advances in the study of correlation between rice and the pathogen through R genes and their products. There has been also discussed breeding strategies in order to develop varieties with long-term and broad resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.