<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">zhros</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Зерновое хозяйство России</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Grain Economy of Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2079-8725</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2079-8733</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение "Аграрный научный центр "Донской»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31367/2079-8725-2022-79-1-70-76</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">zhros-1613</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЩЕЕ ЗЕМЛЕДЕЛИЕ И РАСТЕНИЕВОДСТВО</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>GENERAL AGRICULTURE AND PLANT BREEDING</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние засоренности посевов овсюгом и осотом желтым на урожайность яровой пшеницы в условиях лесостепи Среднего Поволжья</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The effect of weediness with common wild oat and sow-thistle on spring wheat productivity in the forest-steppe of the Middle Volga region</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6506-9231</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сабитов</surname><given-names>М. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sabitov</surname><given-names>М. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, старший научный сотрудник отдела земледелия</p><p>433315, Ульяновская область, Ульяновский район, п. Тимирязевский, ул. Институтская, 19</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, senior researcher of the department of agriculture</p><p>433315, Uliyanov region, Uliyanov district, v. of Timiryazevsky, Institutskaya Str., 19</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8254-6335</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Науметов</surname><given-names>Р. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Naumetov</surname><given-names>R. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, старший научный сотрудник отдела земледелия</p><p>433315, Ульяновская область, Ульяновский район, п. Тимирязевский, ул. Институтская, 19</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, senior researcher of the department of agriculture</p><p>433315, Uliyanov region, Uliyanov district, v. of Timiryazevsky, Institutskaya Str., 19</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Самарский федеральный исследовательский центр РАН, Ульяновский научно-исследовательский институт сельского хозяйства</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Samarsky Federal Research Center RAS, Uliyanov Research Institute of Agriculture</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>02</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>70</fpage><lpage>76</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Сабитов М.М., Науметов Р.В., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Сабитов М.М., Науметов Р.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sabitov М.M., Naumetov R.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.zhros.online/jour/article/view/1613">https://www.zhros.online/jour/article/view/1613</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье представлены результаты исследований по изучению влияния засоренности наиболее распространенных в области сорняков овсюга и осота желтого на урожайность яровой пшеницы за 2012–2015 гг. исследований. Цель работы – выявить влияние засоренности посевов яровой пшеницы овсюгом и осотом желтым в условиях лесостепи Среднего Поволжья. Опыты проводились по схеме: 1) без сорняков (контроль); 2) 10–15 стеблей овсюга на 1 м2 ; 3) 20–30 стеблей; 4) 50–70; 5) 100–120; 6) 150–200 стеблей; осота желтого – по схеме: 1) без сорняков (контроль); 2) 1 растение осота на 1 м2 ; 3) 2 растения; 4) 4 растения; 5) 6 растений; 6) 8 растений на 1 м2 . Установлено, что при засоренности посевов в количестве 26 стеблей овсюга на 1 м2  урожайность снижалась в среднем за четыре года на 18%, при 62 стеблях – на 24, при 115 – на 38 и при 185 – на 44%. Под действием овсюга при засоренности 26 стеблей на 1 м2  недобор урожая яровой пшеницы составил: в 2012 году – 0,33; в 2013 г. – 0,56; в 2014 и 2015 годах – 0,94 и 0,68 т/га. При наличии в посевах 185 стеблей сорняка на 1 м2  урожай яровой пшеницы снизился: в 2012 и 2013 годах – на 1,18 и 0,95; в 2014 и 2015 – на 2,10 и 1,91 т/га. В более засушливые годы (2014, 2015) недобор урожая от сорняков увеличивался. В опытах по влиянию засоренности осота желтого на яровой пшенице в среднем за четыре года исследований один сорняк снизил урожайность культуры на 8%, два – на 11, четыре – на 19, шесть – на 21 и восемь – на 24%. В среднем за четыре года 13 стеблей овсюга на 1 м2  снизили густоту травостоя яровой пшеницы на 9%; 26 – на 10; 62 – на 17, а 185 стеблей – на 31%. Число продуктивных стеблей при этом уменьшалось соответственно на 2, 15, 22 и 40%, а озерненность колоса – на 4, 13, 16 и 23%. При засоренности посевов осотом в количестве двух сорняков на 1 м2  число растений яровой пшеницы снизилось на 9%, четырех – на 15, шести – на 18, восьми – на 21%. Количество продуктивных стеблей уменьшилось соответственно на 16, 20, 21 и 25%. Потеря зерна на один стебель в посевах яровой пшеницы от овсюга составила 16,2, осота – 175 кг/га.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The current paper has presented the study results of the effect of weediness with common wild oat and sow-thistle on spring wheat productivity through 2012–2015. The purpose of the work was to find out the effect of weediness with common wild oat and sow-thistle in the forest-steppe of the middle Volga region. Using common wild oats, the trials were carried out according to the following scheme: 1) without weeds (control); 2) 10–15 common wild oat stalks per 1 m2 ; 3) 20–30 stalks per 1 m2 ; 4) 50–70 stalks per 1 m2 ; 5) 100–120 stalks per 1 m2 ; 6) 150–200 stalks per 1 m2 . Using sow-thistle the scheme was as follows: 1) without weeds (control); 2) 1 sow-thistle plant per 1 m2 ; 3) 2 plants per 1 m2 ; 4) 4 plants per 1 m2 ; 5) 6 plants per 1 m2 ; 6) 8 plants per 1 m2 . There was found that weediness with 26 common wild oat stalks per 1 m2  reduced productivity of 1 ha on 18% through four years, weediness with 62 stalks reduced it on 24%, with 115 on 38% and with 185 on 44%. Weediness with 26 common wild oat stalks per 1 m2  decreased spring wheat productivity on 0.33 t/ha in 2012, on 0.56 t/ha in 2013, on 0.94 and 0.68 t/ha in 2014 and 2015. Weediness with 185 stalks per 1 m2  decreased spring wheat productivity on 1.18 and 0.95 t/ha in 2012 and 2013, on 2.10 and 1.91 t/ha in 2014 and 2015. In arid years of 2014 and 2015, productivity shortfall caused by weeds increased. In the trials on the effect of sow-thistle on spring wheat productivity, on average, through four years of study, one weed reduced it on 8%, two weeds on 11%, four weeds on 19%, six weeds on 21% and eight weeds on 24%. On average, through four years, 13 common wild oat stalks per 1 m2  reduced the density of spring wheat on 9%, 26 stalks reduced it on 10%, 62 stalks reduced it on by 17%, and 185 stalks reduced it on 31%. At the same time, the number of productive stalks decreased on 2, 15, 22, and 40%, respectively, and kernel percentage of a head decreased on 4, 13, 16, and 23%. Weediness with two sow-thistle plants per 1 m2  reduced the number of spring wheat plants on 9%, four plants per 1 m2  reduced it on 15, six plants per 1 m2  reduced it on 18%, eight plants per 1 m2  reduced it on 21%. The number of productive stems decreased on 16, 20, 21 and 25%, respectively. Grain loss per stem caused by common wild oats was 16.2, grain loss caused by sow-thistle was 175 kg/ha.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>овсюг</kwd><kwd>осот желтый</kwd><kwd>урожайность</kwd><kwd>засоренность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>common wild oat</kwd><kwd>sow-thistle</kwd><kwd>productivity</kwd><kwd>weediness</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Доспехов Б.А. Методика полевого опыта (с основами статистической обработки результатов исследований). М.: Книга по Требованию, 2012. 352 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dospekhov B.A. Metodika polevogo opyta (s osnovami statisticheskoj obrabotki rezul'tatov issledovanij) [Methodology of a field trial (with the basics of statistical processing of the study results)]. M.: Kniga po Trebovaniyu, 2012. 352 s.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Медведев А.М., Васютин А.С. О проблемах и научных достижениях российских ученых по зерновым и другим сельскохозяйственным культурам // Зерновое хозяйство России. 2015. № 1(37). С. 19–24.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Medvedev A.M., Vasyutin A.S. O problemah i nauchnyh dostizheniyah rossijskih uchenyh po zernovym i drugim sel'skohozyajstvennym kul'turam [On the problems and scientific achievements of Russian scientists on grain and other agricultural crops] // Zernovoe hozyajstvo Rossii. 2015. № 1(37). S. 19–24.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сабитов М.М. Экономическая эффективность технологий возделывания культур в зернопаровом севообороте // Достижения науки и техники АПК. 2021. Т. 35. № 2. С. 13–18. DOI 10.24411/0235-2451-2021-10202.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sabitov M.M. Ekonomicheskaya effektivnost' tekhnologij vozdelyvaniya kul'tur v zernoparovom sevooborote [Economic efficiency of crop cultivation technologies in grain-fallow crop rotation] // Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2021. T. 35. № 2. S. 13–18. DOI 10.24411/0235-2451-2021-10202.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Соловиченко В.Д., Навольнева Е.В., Логвинов И.В. Продуктивность чернозема типичного в зависимости от факторов земледелия в Югозападной части ЦЧЗ // Земледелие. 2020. № 1. С. 27–29. DOI 10.24411/0044-3913-2020-10107.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Solovichenko V.D., Navol'neva E.V., Logvinov I.V. Produktivnost' chernozema tipichnogo v zavisimosti ot faktorov zemledeliya v YUgozapadnoj chasti CCHZ [Productivity of typical chernozem, depending on the factors of agriculture in the south-western part of the CChZ] // Zemledelie. 2020. № 1. S. 27–29. DOI 10.24411/0044-3913-2020-10107.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Тимошенкова Т.А., Мухитов Л.А., Самуилов Ф.Д. Вероятность формирования зерна высокого качества сортами яровой пшеницы разного происхождения в степи Оренбургского Предуралья // Вестник Казанского государственного аграрного университета. 2016. Т. 11. № 4(42). С. 49–54. DOI 10.12737/article_592fc7fed72c77.08237285.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Timoshenkova T.A., Muhitov L.A., Samuilov F.D. Veroyatnost' formirovaniya zerna vysokogo kachestva sortami yarovoj pshenicy raznogo proiskhozhdeniya v stepi Orenburgskogo Predural'ya [Probability of the formation of high-quality grain by spring wheat varieties of different origin in the steppe of the Orenburg Pre-Urals] // Vestnik Kazanskogo gosudarstvennogo agrarnogo universiteta. 2016. T. 11. № 4(42). S. 49–54. DOI 10.12737/article_592fc7fed72c77.08237285.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alarcón Víllora R., Navarrete L., Sánchez M.J., Hernández Plaza E., Sánchez A.M. Cimate and tillage system drive weed communities’ functional diversity in a mediterranean cereal legume rotation. Agriculture, Ecosystems &amp; Environment. Т. 283. 2019. С. 106574.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alarcón Víllora R., Navarrete L., Sánchez M.J., Hernández Plaza E., Sánchez A.M. Cimate and tillage system drive weed communities’ functional diversity in a mediterranean cereal legume rotation. Agriculture, Ecosystems &amp; Environment. T. 283. 2019. S. 106574.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Edralin D.A., Sigua G.C., Reyes M.R. Conservation agriculture improves yield and reduces weeding activity in sandy soils of Cambodia // Agronomy for Sustainable Development. 2017. Vol. 37. No 5. P. 52. DOI 10.1007/s13593-017-0461-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Edralin D.A., Sigua G.C., Reyes M.R. Conservation agriculture improves yield and reduces weeding activity in sandy soils of Cambodia // Agronomy for Sustainable Development. 2017. Vol. 37. No 5. P. 52. DOI 10.1007/s13593-017-0461-7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gos М,, Krzyszczak J., Baranowski P. Combined TBATS and SVM model of minimum and maximum air temperatures applied to wheat yield prediction at different locations in Europe // Agricultural and Forest Meteorology. 2020. Vol. 281. P. 107827. DOI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2019.107827.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gos M,, Krzyszczak J., Baranowski P. Combined TBATS and SVM model of minimum and maximum air temperatures applied to wheat yield prediction at different locations in Europe // Agricultural and Forest Meteorology. 2020. Vol. 281. P. 107827. DOI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2019.107827.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mueller V., Vallury S., Masias I. Labor-saving technologies and structural transformation in northern Ghana // Agricultural Economics. 2019. Vol. 50. No 5. P. 581–594. DOI 10.1111/agec.12511.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mueller V., Vallury S., Masias I. Labor-saving technologies and structural transformation in northern Ghana // Agricultural Economics. 2019. Vol. 50. No 5. P. 581–594. DOI 10.1111/agec.12511.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Strizhkov N.I., Azizov Z.M., Suminova N.B., Eskov I.D., Nikolaichenko N.V., Molchanova A.V. The effect of the sowing methods and the seeding rate on the yield of nicandra physalodes biomass in single-species and mixed with sugar sorghum phytocenoses in the steppe zone of the Volga Region // International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 2018. Vol. 10. No 4. P. 323–329. DOI 10.31838/ijpr/2018.10.04.030.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Strizhkov N.I., Azizov Z.M., Suminova N.B., Eskov I.D., Nikolaichenko N.V., Molchanova A.V. The effect of the sowing methods and the seeding rate on the yield of nicandra physalodes biomass in singlespecies and mixed with sugar sorghum phytocenoses in the steppe zone of the Volga Region // International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 2018. Vol. 10. No 4. P. 323–329. DOI 10.31838/ijpr/2018.10.04.030.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zarzycki J., Kopeć М. The scheme of nutrient addition affects vegetation composition and plant species richness in different ways: Results from a long-term grasslands experiment // Agriculture, Ecosystems &amp; Environment. 2020. Vol. 291. P. 106789. DOI 10.1016/j.agee.2019.106789.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zarzycki J., Kopeć M. The scheme of nutrient addition affects vegetation composition and plant species richness in different ways: Results from a long-term grasslands experiment // Agriculture, Ecosystems &amp; Environment. 2020. Vol. 291. P. 106789. DOI 10.1016/j.agee.2019.106789.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
