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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">zhros</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Зерновое хозяйство России</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Grain Economy of Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2079-8725</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2079-8733</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение "Аграрный научный центр "Донской»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31367/2079-8725-2022-79-1-39-45</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">zhros-1608</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СЕЛЕКЦИЯ И СЕМЕНОВОДСТВО СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННЫХ РАСТЕНИЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PLANT BREEDING AND SEED PRODUCTION OF AGRICULTURAL CROPS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Гаплоидия тритикале in vitro (обзор литературы)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Triticale haploidy in vitro (literature review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7420-0521</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дьячук</surname><given-names>Т. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Diyachuk</surname><given-names>T. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор биологических наук, главный научный сотрудник лаборатории клеточной селекции</p><p>410010, г. Саратов, ул. Тулайкова, 7</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Biological Sciences, main researcher of the laboratory for cell breeding</p><p>410010, Saratov, Tulaykov Str., 7</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">cell_selection@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3661-9246</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Акинина</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Akinina</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории клеточной селекции</p><p>410010, г. Саратов, ул. Тулайкова, 7</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Biological Sciences, senior researcher of the laboratory for cell breeding,</p><p>410010, Saratov, Tulaykov Str., 7</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">cell_selection@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6181-5279</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жилин</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhilin</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>лаборант-исследователь лаборатории клеточной селекции</p><p>410010, г. Саратов, ул. Тулайкова, 7</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>research assistant of the laboratory for cell breeding</p><p>410010, Saratov, Tulaykov Str., 7</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">cell_selection@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5218-6076</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хомякова</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khomyakova</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории клеточной селекции</p><p>410010, г. Саратов, ул. Тулайкова, 7</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Biological Sciences, senior researcher of the laboratory for cell breeding</p><p>410010, Saratov, Tulaykov Str., 7</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">cell_selection@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0384-9571</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Барнашова</surname><given-names>Е. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Barnashova</surname><given-names>Е. К.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат биологических наук, научный сотрудник лаборатории клеточной селекции</p><p>410010, г. Саратов, ул. Тулайкова, 7</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Biological Sciences, researcher of the laboratory for cell breeding</p><p>410010, Saratov, Tulaykov Str., 7</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">cell_selection@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3870-0542</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Калашникова</surname><given-names>Э. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kalashnikova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник лаборатории клеточной селекции</p><p>410010, г. Саратов, ул. Тулайкова, 7</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>junior researcher of the laboratory for cell breeding</p><p>410010, Saratov, Tulaykov Str., 7</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">cell_selection@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3071-0188</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Окладникова</surname><given-names>В. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Okladnikova</surname><given-names>V. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник лаборатории клеточной селекции</p><p>410010, г. Саратов, ул. Тулайкова, 7</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>junior researcher of the laboratory for cell breeding</p><p>410010, Saratov, Tulaykov Str., 7</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">cell_selection@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Федеральный аграрный научный центр Юго-Востока»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Federal Agricultural Research Center of South-East”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>02</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>39</fpage><lpage>45</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Дьячук Т.И., Акинина В.Н., Жилин С.В., Хомякова О.В., Барнашова Е.К., Калашникова Э.В., Окладникова В.П., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Дьячук Т.И., Акинина В.Н., Жилин С.В., Хомякова О.В., Барнашова Е.К., Калашникова Э.В., Окладникова В.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Diyachuk T.I., Akinina V.N., Zhilin S.V., Khomyakova O.V., Barnashova Е.К., Kalashnikova E.V., Okladnikova V.P.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.zhros.online/jour/article/view/1608">https://www.zhros.online/jour/article/view/1608</self-uri><abstract><p>Тритикале (× Triticosecale Wittmack) – рукотворный вид злака, полученный от скрещивания пшеницы с рожью. На современном этапе тритикале является коммерческой культурой многоцелевого назначения, обладающей огромным потенциалом в качестве продукта питания человека и корма для животных. Посевные площади новой зерновой культуры в 2018 году в мире достигали 4 млн га, производство зерна – около 14 млн т. Происходящие изменения климата, быстрая эволюция патогенов, а также требования современного рынка диктуют необходимость ускоренного создания сортов при одновременном снижении затрат на их получение. Производство удвоенных гаплоидов позволяет сокращать сроки создания гомозиготных линий в среднем на 5–7 лет. Для массового получения гаплоидных растений тритикале in vitro используют два метода – культура пыльников/микроспор и отдаленная гибридизация с последующей селективной элиминацией хромосом вида-опылителя. Критическими факторами успеха получения гаплоидов в культуре пыльников являются генотип, условия выращивания донорных растений, стадия развития микроспор, стрессовые воздействия на колосья или пыльники и состав питательных сред. Неразрешенными проблемами метода остаются генотипическая зависимость, высокая частота альбинизма и наличие анеуплоидов в потомствах андрогенных растений. Геном ржи более часто вовлекается в хромосомные преобразования, чем геном пшеницы. Большинство анеуплоидов являются нуллисомиками, чаще всего по 2R и 5R хромосомам. Растения-нуллисомики по 2R и 5R хромосомам имеют меньшее число колосков в колосе и меньшее число зерен на колос. Для получения гаплоидов методом селективной элиминации хромосом при отдаленной гибридизации с наибольшим успехом используют виды, пыльца которых нечувствительна к действию Kr-генов – кукуруза (Zea mays L.) и дикая злаковая трава императа цилиндрическая (Imperata cylindrical L.). Преимуществами метода являются меньшая генотипическая зависимость, отсутствие альбиносных растений, генетическая стабильность регенерантов и сниженные затраты на получение гаплоидных растений. Продолжительность цветения императы цилиндрической и отсутствие необходимости совмещения сроков цветения родителей обеспечивают экономичность и эффективность использования этого вида при получении гаплоидных растений тритикале. Цель настоящего обзора – охарактеризовать методы массового получения гаплоидных растений тритикале, описать их преимущества и недостатки при использовании в селекционном процессе.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Triticale (× Triticosecale Wittmack) is a hybridized grain crop developed from wheat and rye crossings. Today, triticale is a multipurpose commercial grain crop with great potential as a human food and animal feed. The sown area of the new grain crop in the world reached 4 million hectares in 2018, grain production was about 14 million tons. The current climate change, the rapid evolution of pathogens, as well as the requirements of the modern market dictate the necessity for accelerated development of varieties while reducing the cost of their development. The production of double haploids makes it possible to reduce the time required for the development of homozygous lines by an average of 5–7 years. For the mass production of haploid triticale plants in vitro, there are used two methods, namely anther/microspore culture and distant hybridization followed by selective chromosome elimination of the pollinator. The most critical factors for the success of developing haploids in anther culture are a genotype, growing conditions of donor plants, a microspore development stage, stress effects on heads or anthers, and a nutrient media. Among the unresolved problems of the method are a genotypic dependence, a high incidence of albinism and a presence of aneuploids in the androgenic plant progeny. The rye genome is more often involved in chromosomal transformations than the wheat genome. Most aneuploids are nullisomics, most often on the 2R and 5R chromosomes. Nullisomic plants for 2R and 5R chromosomes have fewer number of spikelets per head and fewer number of kernels per head. In order to develop haploids by the method of selective chromosome elimination during distant hybridization, there have been successfully used such grain crops whose pollen is insensitive to Kr-genes, as maize (Zea mays L.) and wild cereal grass ‘Imperata Cylindrical’ (Imperata cylindrical L.). The advantages of the method are less genotypic dependence, absence of albino plants, genetic stability of regenerants, and reduced costs for developing haploid plants. The length of flowering period of ‘Imperata Cylindrical’ and the absence of the need to combine the timing of flowering period of the parents ensure the economy and efficiency of using this species when developing haploid triticale plants. The purpose of the current review was to characterize the methods of mass development of haploid triticale plants, to describe their advantages and disadvantages when being used in the breeding process.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>тритикале</kwd><kwd>селекция</kwd><kwd>гаплоиды</kwd><kwd>культура пыльников</kwd><kwd>селективная элиминация хромосом</kwd><kwd>эмбриокультура</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>triticale</kwd><kwd>breeding</kwd><kwd>haploids</kwd><kwd>anther culture</kwd><kwd>selective chromosome elimination</kwd><kwd>embryoculture</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Grabovec A.I., Krohmal' A.V. Tritikale [Triticale]. Rostov-na-Donu: OOO «Izdatel'stvo «YUg», 2019. 240 s.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grabovec A.I., Krohmal' A.V. Tritikale [Triticale]. 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