zhrosЗерновое хозяйство РоссииGrain Economy of Russia2079-87252079-8733Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение "Аграрный научный центр "Донской»10.31367/2079-8725-2021-76-4-15-22zhros-1311Research ArticleСЕЛЕКЦИЯ И СЕМЕНОВОДСТВО СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННЫХ РАСТЕНИЙPLANT BREEDING AND SEED PRODUCTION OF AGRICULTURAL CROPSСелекция суходольного риса на засухоустойчивость (обзор)Upland rice breeding for drought tolerance (review)https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4371-6848КостылевП. И.KostylevP. I.

доктор сельскохозяйственных наук, профессор, главный научный сотрудник лаборатории селекции и семеноводства риса

347740, Ростовская обл., г. Зерноград, Научный городок

Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, professor, main researcher of the laboratory for rice breeding and seed production

347740, Rostov region, Zernograd, Nauchny Gorodok

vniizk30@mail.ruАксеновА. В.AksenovА. V.

агроном лаборатории селекции и семеноводства риса

347740, Ростовская обл., г. Зерноград, Научный городок

agronomist of the laboratory for rice breeding and seed production

347740, Rostov region, Zernograd, Nauchny Gorodok

ФГБНУ «Аграрный научный центр «Донской»РоссияAgricultural Research Center “Donskoy”Russian Federation202107092021041522Copyright © Костылев П.И., Аксенов А.В., 20212021Костылев П.И., Аксенов А.В.Kostylev P.I., Aksenov А.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.zhros.online/jour/article/view/1311

Суходольный рис, выращиваемый рисоводами, является самой низкопродуктивной системой производства риса. Стресс от засухи является наиболее серьезным абиотическим ограничением для суходольного риса. Повышение продуктивности риса в таких экосистемах имеет большое значение для удовлетворения потребностей населения в продовольственной безопасности риса. В этом контексте разведение засухоустойчивого риса становится все более важной задачей. Многочисленные второстепенные признаки были предложены, чтобы помочь селекционерам растений в их отборе, но большинство из этих признаков не используется в селекции, поскольку они не практичны для селекционных целей, демонстрируют низкую наследуемость или не очень коррелируют с урожайностью зерна. Было показано, что стандартизация скрининга засухи повышает наследуемость урожая при стрессе до значений, аналогичных полученным для урожая в хорошо обводненных условиях. В настоящее время доказано, что засухоустойчивые сорта могут быть выведены путем прямого отбора по урожайности в стрессовых условиях. В настоящее время у риса идентифицировано много локусов количественных признаков (QTL) засухоустойчивости, но лишь немногие из них пригодны для использования в маркерной селекции. Однако выявленные гены большой устойчивости к засухе можно эффективно использовать в селекции на засухоустойчивость. Использование молекулярных маркеров позволит повысить результативность селекционной работы. В обзоре кратко рассматриваются значение риса, его различные производственные системы, а также влияние стресса от засухи на производство риса. Обсуждаются физиологические механизмы, способствующие поддержанию урожайности зерна в условиях засухи, а также анализируются методы селекции для повышения засухоустойчивости.

Upland rice grown by rice farmers is having the lowest productivity in the rice production system. Drought stress is the most severe abiotic constraint for upland rice. The improvement of rice productivity in such ecosystems is essential to meet the food security needs of the population. Therefore, the cultivation of drought tolerant rice is becoming an increasingly important task. Numerous minor traits have been proposed to assist plant breeders in their selection, but most of these traits are not used in breeding because they are not practical for breeding purposes, have low heritability, or are not very correlated with grain productivity. There has been shown, that standardization of drought screening improves heritability under stress to the values similar to those obtained for the yields under well-watered conditions. Nowadays there has now been proven that drought-resistant varieties can be developed by direct selection for productivity under stressful conditions. Currently, there have been identified many quantitative trait loci (QTL) of drought tolerance in rice, but only a few of them are suitable for use in marker breeding. However, the identified genes of great drought tolerance can be effectively used in breeding for drought tolerance. The use of molecular markers will improve the efficiency of breeding work. The current review has briefly considered the importance of rice, its various production systems, and the impact of drought stress on rice production. There have been discussed the physiological mechanisms contributing to the maintenance of grain productivity under drought conditions, and there have been analyzed the breeding methods for improvement of drought resistance.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.