The study of the initial material of Grass pea for its breeding in the Nizhnee Povolzie The study includes variety samples of Grass pea taken from the collection of IPI. Two varieties ‘Racheyka’ (light-kernelled) and ‘Mramornaya’ (dark-kernelled) have been taken as standard varieties. The trials showed a great range of morphological indexes. The interval of the range was as following: stem length - 43.7-59.0 cm; attachment height of a lower bean - 15.0-21/0 cm; number of beans per plant 24.9-42.7 pc.; number of kernels per plant - 40.4-67.8 pc., 1000-kernel weight - 189.2-277.2 g; nature weight - 782.0-836.0 g. A slight variability (coefficient of less than 10.0%) has been found in such traits as stem height, 1000-kernels weight and nature weight. An average variability has been found in such traits as attachment height of a lower bean, number of beans per plant and number of kernels per plant. According to the results of statistics the variability of biochemical composition of kernels and green mass have been grouped into three grades. Slight variability has been noted in content of raw protein, ash and nitrogen-free extractive fraction (NfEF) in seeds; in content of raw protein in green mass. Average variability has been noted in content of raw fiber in seeds, in content of raw oil, fiber , ash and NfEF in green mass. Great variability has been noted in content of raw oil in seeds, in content of raw protein in green mass. The trials have revealed such variety samples of Grass pea, whose content of raw protein in seeds is more than 30% (к-703, к-780, к-924, к-1118, к-1289, к-1402, к-1867) and content of protein in green mass is more than 25% (к-292, к-780, к-1867)